ORACLE 9I中加入了MERGE 语法: MERGE [hint] INTO [schema .] table [t_alias] USING [schema .] { table | view
Oracle 9I中加入了MERGE
语法:
MERGE [hint] INTO [schema .] table [t_alias]
USING [schema .] { table | view | subquery } [t_alias]
ON ( condition )
WHEN MATCHED THEN merge_update_clause
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN merge_insert_clause;
创建测试数据表:
create table tj_test(id number,name varchar2(20),age number);
向表中插入数据:
insert into tj_test values (1,'jan',23);
insert into tj_test values (2,'kk',22);
insert into tj_test values (3,'joe',27);
select * from tj_test;
查询结果如下:
1 jan 23
2 kk 22
3 joe 27
创建另一新表
create table tj_test1 as select * from tj_test where 1=0
插入一条数据
insert into tj_test1 values (1,'jlk',23);
select * from tj_test1
查询结果如下:
1 jkl 23 --注意,这里的的NAME字段中的值是jkl
使用MERGE,实现有则更新,无则插入,sql语句如下:
merge into tj_test1 tt1
using tj_test tt
on (tt1.id=tt.id)
when matched then
update set
tt1.name=tt.name,
tt1.age=tt.age
when not matched then
insert values(
tt.id,
tt.name,
tt.age)
查询tj_test1表(对比原来表中的数据,更新了ID=1 ROW中字段NAME,同时多出两条新数据)
select * from tj_test1
改变行数据如下:
1 jan 23 --这里的原有jkl值被更新
3 joe 27 --原来表中没有的插入
2 kk 22 --原来表中没有的插入
如果存在就更新,不存在就插入
9i已经支持了,是Merge,但是只支持select子查询,
如果是单条数据记录,,可以写作select …… from dual的子查询。
语法为:
MERGE INTO table
USING data_source
ON (condition)
WHEN MATCHED THEN update_clause
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN insert_clause;
如:
MERGE INTO course c
USING (SELECT course_name, period,
course_hours
FROM course_updates) cu
ON (c.course_name = cu.course_name
AND c.period = cu.period)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE
SET c.course_hours = cu.course_hours
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (c.course_name, c.period,
c.course_hours)
VALUES (cu.course_name, cu.period,
cu.course_hours);

MySQL uses a GPL license. 1) The GPL license allows the free use, modification and distribution of MySQL, but the modified distribution must comply with GPL. 2) Commercial licenses can avoid public modifications and are suitable for commercial applications that require confidentiality.

The situations when choosing InnoDB instead of MyISAM include: 1) transaction support, 2) high concurrency environment, 3) high data consistency; conversely, the situation when choosing MyISAM includes: 1) mainly read operations, 2) no transaction support is required. InnoDB is suitable for applications that require high data consistency and transaction processing, such as e-commerce platforms, while MyISAM is suitable for read-intensive and transaction-free applications such as blog systems.

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.

There are four main index types in MySQL: B-Tree index, hash index, full-text index and spatial index. 1.B-Tree index is suitable for range query, sorting and grouping, and is suitable for creation on the name column of the employees table. 2. Hash index is suitable for equivalent queries and is suitable for creation on the id column of the hash_table table of the MEMORY storage engine. 3. Full text index is used for text search, suitable for creation on the content column of the articles table. 4. Spatial index is used for geospatial query, suitable for creation on geom columns of locations table.

TocreateanindexinMySQL,usetheCREATEINDEXstatement.1)Forasinglecolumn,use"CREATEINDEXidx_lastnameONemployees(lastname);"2)Foracompositeindex,use"CREATEINDEXidx_nameONemployees(lastname,firstname);"3)Forauniqueindex,use"CREATEU

The main difference between MySQL and SQLite is the design concept and usage scenarios: 1. MySQL is suitable for large applications and enterprise-level solutions, supporting high performance and high concurrency; 2. SQLite is suitable for mobile applications and desktop software, lightweight and easy to embed.

Indexes in MySQL are an ordered structure of one or more columns in a database table, used to speed up data retrieval. 1) Indexes improve query speed by reducing the amount of scanned data. 2) B-Tree index uses a balanced tree structure, which is suitable for range query and sorting. 3) Use CREATEINDEX statements to create indexes, such as CREATEINDEXidx_customer_idONorders(customer_id). 4) Composite indexes can optimize multi-column queries, such as CREATEINDEXidx_customer_orderONorders(customer_id,order_date). 5) Use EXPLAIN to analyze query plans and avoid

Using transactions in MySQL ensures data consistency. 1) Start the transaction through STARTTRANSACTION, and then execute SQL operations and submit it with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. 2) Use SAVEPOINT to set a save point to allow partial rollback. 3) Performance optimization suggestions include shortening transaction time, avoiding large-scale queries and using isolation levels reasonably.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor
