Oracle数据库通过audit_trail参数来开启标准审计,OS:说明审计信息放在系统汇总,如果是Linux那么由audit_file_dest 决定,如果
Oracle数据库通过audit_trail参数来开启标准审计
它的参数有下面几种
NONE:不开启审计
OS:说明审计信息放在系统汇总,如果是Linux那么由audit_file_dest 决定,如果是Windows 那么由事件查看器决定
DB 或 TRUE :表示审计信息存放在数据库里,,也就是sys 用户的aud$ 表。
审计范围分为session 和 access两种
session:表示用户登录之后执行的相同SQL只记录一次,其他相同SQL不再记录;
access:表示每次执行的SQL都进行审计记录。
1、开启审计参数
SQL> alter system set audit_trail=db_extended scope=spfile sid='*';
2、重启数据库
为了使参数生效
su - oracle
$ srvctl stop database -d orcl
$ srvctl start database -d orcl
SQL> show parameter audit;
3、设置对表进行审计
这样每次有用户对表进行操作,那么都会有相应的记录被添加到aud$中,而Oracle为了方便读取数据,创建了视图。
虽然会记录每个用户对表的操作,但是不会记录sys用户的操作,其他所有用户都会做记录。
SQL> audit all on scott.emp by access;
设置之后如果想要看到效果,可以用Scott用户登录进来对表进行操作。
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在CentOS 6.4下安装Oracle 11gR2(x64)
Oracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤
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4、查询审计记录
$ su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
col OS_USERNAME for a10
col USERNAME for a11
col USERHOST for a10
col TERMINAL for a10
col TIMESTAMP for a20
col obj_name for a10
col OWNER for a10
col ACTION_NAME for a11
col TRANSACTIONID for a16
col sql_text for a30
select username,userhost,timestamp,owner,obj_name,action_name,sql_text from dba_audit_trail;
username 登录的用户
userhost 登录的主机
timestamp 时间戳
owner 操作表的所有者
obj_name 操作的表
action_name 做了什么动作
sql_text 具体的SQL
其他:
1、清空aud$
这张系统表是可以使用TRUNCATE命令截断的。把它删掉之后那么视图中的记录也就相应消失了。
SQL> truncate table aud$;
2、取消某张表的审计
SQL> noaudit all on scott.emp;
3、关闭审计
SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none;
本文永久更新链接地址:

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