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目前计算机中用得最广泛的字符集及其编码,是由美国国家标准局(ANSI)制定的ASCII码(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,美国标准信息交换码),它已被国际标准化组织(ISO)定为国际标准,称为ISO 646标准。适用于所有拉丁文字字母,ASCII码有7位码和8位码两种形式。
    因为1位二进制数可以表示(21=)2种状态:0、1;而2位二进制数可以表示(22)=4种状态:00、01、10、11;依次类推,7位二进制数可以表示(27=)128种状态,每种状态都唯一地编为一个7位的二进制码,对应一个字符(或控制码),这些码可以排列成一个十进制序号0~127。所以,7位ASCII码是用七位二进制数进行编码的,可以表示128个字符。
    第0~32号及第127号(共34个)是控制字符或通讯专用字符,如控制符:LF(换行)、CR(回车)、FF(换页)、DEL(删除)、BEL(振铃)等;通讯专用字符:SOH(文头)、EOT(文尾)、ACK(确认)等;
    第33~126号(共94个)是字符,其中第48~57号为0~9十个阿拉伯数字;65~90号为26个大写英文字母,97~122号为26个小写英文字母,其余为一些标点符号、运算符号等。
    注意:在计算机的存储单元中,一个ASCII码值占一个字节(8个二进制位),其最高位(b7)用作奇偶校验位。所谓奇偶校验,是指在代码传送过程中用来检验是否出现错误的一种方法,一般分奇校验和偶校验两种。奇校验规定:正确的代码一个字节中1的个数必须是奇数,若非奇数,则在最高位b7添1;偶校验规定:正确的代码一个字节中1的个数必须是偶数,若非偶数,则在最高位b7添1。
    为了便于查询,以下列出ASCII码表:
    第128~255号为扩展字符(不常用)

ASCII码 键盘 ASCII 码 键盘 ASCII 码 键盘 ASCII 码 键盘
27 ESC 32 SPACE 33 ! 34 "
35 # 36 $ 37 % 38 &
39 ' 40 ( 41 ) 42 *
43 + 44 ' 45 - 46 .
47 / 48 0 49 1 50 2
51 3 52 4 53 5 54 6
55 7 56 8 57 9 58 :
59 ; 60 61 = 62 >
63 ? 64 @ 65 A 66 B
67 C 68 D 69 E 70 F
71 G 72 H 73 I 74 J
75 K 76 L 77 M 78 N
79 O 80 P 81 82 R
83 S 84 T 85 86 V
87 W 88 X 89 Y 90 Z
91 [ 92 93 ] 94 ^
95 _ 96 ` 97 98 b
99 c 100 d 101 e 102 f
103 104 h 105 106 j
107 k 108 l 109 110 n
111 o 112 p 113 q 114 r
115 s 116 t 117 118 v
119 w 120 x 121 y 122 z
123 { 124 | 125 } 126 ~
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