SQLServer数据导出到excel有很多种方法,比如dts、ssis、还可以用sql语句调用openrowset。我们这里开拓思路,用CLR来生成Excel文件,并且会考虑一些方便操作的细节。 下面我先演示一下我实现的效果,先看测试语句 -----------------------------------------
SQLServer数据导出到excel有很多种方法,比如dts、ssis、还可以用sql语句调用openrowset。我们这里开拓思路,用CLR来生成Excel文件,并且会考虑一些方便操作的细节。
下面我先演示一下我实现的效果,先看测试语句
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
复制代码 代码如下:
exec BulkCopyToXls 'select * from testTable' , 'd:/test' , 'testTable' ,- 1
/*
开始导出数据
文件 d:/test/testTable.0.xls, 共65534条 , 大小20 ,450,868 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.1.xls, 共65534条 , 大小 20 ,101,773 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.2.xls, 共65534条 , 大小 20 ,040,589 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.3.xls, 共65534条 , 大小 19 ,948,925 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.4.xls, 共65534条 , 大小 20 ,080,974 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.5.xls, 共65534条 , 大小 20 ,056,737 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.6.xls, 共65534条 , 大小 20 ,590,933 字节
文件 d:/test/testTable.7.xls, 共26002条 , 大小 8,419,533 字节
导出数据完成
-------
共484740条数据,耗时 23812ms
*/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面的BulkCopyToXls存储过程是自定的CLR存储过程。他有四个参数:
第一个是sql语句用来获取数据集
第二个是文件保存的路径
第三个是结果集的名字,我们用它来给文件命名
第四个是限制单个文件可以保存多少条记录,小于等于0表示最多65534条。
前 三个参数没有什么特别,最后一个参数的设置可以让一个数据集分多个excel文件保存。比如传统excel的最大容量是65535条数据。我们这里参数设 置为-1就表示导出达到这个数字之后自动写下一个文件。如果你设置了比如100,那么每导出100条就会自动写下一个文件。
另外每个文件都可以输出字段名作为表头,所以单个文件最多容纳65534条数据。
用微软公开的biff8格式通过二进制流生成excel,服务器无需安装excel组件,,而且性能上不会比sql自带的功能差,48万多条数据,150M,用了24秒完成。
下面我们来看下CLR代码。通过sql语句获取DataReader,然后分批用biff格式来写xls文件。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
复制代码 代码如下:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
public partial class StoredProcedures
{
///
/// 导出数据
///
///
///
///
///
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlProcedure ]
public static void BulkCopyToXls(SqlString sql, SqlString savePath, SqlString tableName, SqlInt32 maxRecordCount)
{
if (sql.IsNull || savePath.IsNull || tableName.IsNull)
{
SqlContext .Pipe.Send(" 输入信息不完整!" );
}
ushort _maxRecordCount = ushort .MaxValue-1;
if (maxRecordCount.IsNull == false && maxRecordCount.Value 0)
_maxRecordCount = (ushort )maxRecordCount.Value;
ExportXls(sql.Value, savePath.Value, tableName.Value, _maxRecordCount);
}
///
/// 查询数据,生成文件
///
///
///
///
///
private static void ExportXls(string sql, string savePath, string tableName, System.UInt16 maxRecordCount)
{
if (System.IO.Directory .Exists(savePath) == false )
{
System.IO.Directory .CreateDirectory(savePath);
}
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection ("context connection=true" ))
{
conn.Open();
using (SqlCommand command = conn.CreateCommand())
{
command.CommandText = sql;
using (SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader())
{
int i = 0;
int totalCount = 0;
int tick = System.Environment .TickCount;
SqlContext .Pipe.Send(" 开始导出数据" );
while (true )
{
string fileName = string .Format(@"{0}/{1}.{2}.xls" , savePath, tableName, i++);
int iExp = Write(reader, maxRecordCount, fileName);
long size = new System.IO.FileInfo (fileName).Length;
totalCount += iExp;
SqlContext .Pipe.Send(string .Format(" 文件{0}, 共{1} 条, 大小{2} 字节" , fileName, iExp, size.ToString("###,###" )));
if (iExp
}
tick = System.Environment .TickCount - tick;
SqlContext .Pipe.Send(" 导出数据完成" );
SqlContext .Pipe.Send("-------" );
SqlContext .Pipe.Send(string .Format(" 共{0} 条数据,耗时{1}ms" ,totalCount,tick));
}
}
}
}
///
/// 写单元格
///
///
///
///
///
private static void WriteObject(ExcelWriter writer, object obj, System.UInt16 x, System.UInt16 y)
{
string type = obj.GetType().Name.ToString();
switch (type)
{
case "SqlBoolean" :
case "SqlByte" :
case "SqlDecimal" :
case "SqlDouble" :
case "SqlInt16" :
case "SqlInt32" :
case "SqlInt64" :
case "SqlMoney" :
case "SqlSingle" :
if (obj.ToString().ToLower() == "null" )
writer.WriteString(x, y, obj.ToString());
else
writer.WriteNumber(x, y, Convert .ToDouble(obj.ToString()));
break ;
default :
writer.WriteString(x, y, obj.ToString());
break ;
}
}
///
/// 写一批数据到一个excel 文件
///
///
///
///
///
private static int Write(SqlDataReader reader, System.UInt16 count, string fileName)
{
int iExp = count;
ExcelWriter writer = new ExcelWriter (fileName);
writer.BeginWrite();
for (System.UInt16 j = 0; j
{
writer.WriteString(0, j, reader.GetName(j));
}
for (System.UInt16 i = 1; i
{
if (reader.Read() == false )
{
iExp = i-1;
break ;
}
for (System.UInt16 j = 0; j
{
WriteObject(writer, reader.GetSqlValue(j), i, j);
}
}
writer.EndWrite();
return iExp;
}
///
/// 写excel 的对象
///
public class ExcelWriter
{
System.IO.FileStream _wirter;
public ExcelWriter(string strPath)
{
_wirter = new System.IO.FileStream (strPath, System.IO.FileMode .OpenOrCreate);
}
///
/// 写入short 数组
///
///
private void _writeFile(System.UInt16 [] values)
{
foreach (System.UInt16 v in values)
{
byte [] b = System.BitConverter .GetBytes(v);
_wirter.Write(b, 0, b.Length);
}
}
///
/// 写文件头
///
public void BeginWrite()
{
_writeFile(new System.UInt16 [] { 0x809, 8, 0, 0x10, 0, 0 });
}
///
/// 写文件尾
///
public void EndWrite()
{
_writeFile(new System.UInt16 [] { 0xa, 0 });
_wirter.Close();
}
///
/// 写一个数字到单元格x,y
///
///
///
///
public void WriteNumber(System.UInt16 x, System.UInt16 y, double value)
{
_writeFile(new System.UInt16 [] { 0x203, 14, x, y, 0 });
byte [] b = System.BitConverter .GetBytes(value);
_wirter.Write(b, 0, b.Length);
}
///
/// 写一个字符到单元格x,y
///
///
///
///
public void WriteString(System.UInt16 x, System.UInt16 y, string value)
{
byte [] b = System.Text.Encoding .Default.GetBytes(value);
_writeFile(new System.UInt16 [] { 0x204, (System.UInt16 )(b.Length + 8), x, y, 0, (System.UInt16 )b.Length });
_wirter.Write(b, 0, b.Length);
}
}
};
把上面代码编译为TestExcel.dll,copy到服务器目录。然后通过如下SQL语句部署存储过程。
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复制代码 代码如下:

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