经常有网友会问，SQL Server占用了太多的内存，而且还会不断的增长;或者说已经设置了使用内存，可它没有用到那么多，这是怎么一回事儿呢? 下面，我们来具体看以看SQL Server是怎样使用内存的。 最大的开销一般是用于数据缓存，如果内存足够，它会把用过的数
经常有网友会问，SQL Server占用了太多的内存，而且还会不断的增长;或者说已经设置了使用内存，可它没有用到那么多，这是怎么一回事儿呢?
下面，我们来具体看以看SQL Server是怎样使用内存的。
最大的开销一般是用于数据缓存，如果内存足够，它会把用过的数据和觉得你会用到的数据统统扔到内存中，直到内存不足的时候，才把命中率低的数据给清掉。所以一般我们在看statistics io的时候，看到的physics read都是0.
其次就是查询的开销，一般地说，hash join是会带来比较大的内存开销的，而merge join和nested loop的开销比较小，还有排序和中间表、游标也是会有比较大的开销的。所以用于关联和排序的列上一般需要有索引。
再次就是对执行计划、系统数据的存储，这些都是比较小的。
我们先来看数据缓存对性能的影响，如果系统中没有其它应用程序来争夺内存，数据缓存一般是越多越好，甚至有些时候我们会强行把一些数据pin在高速缓存中。但是如果有其它应用程序，虽然在需要的时候MS SQL会释放内存，但是线程切换、IO等待这些工作也是需要时间的，所以就会造成性能的降低。这样我们就必须设置MS SQL的最大内存使用。可以在SQL Server 属性(内存选项卡)中找到配置最大使用内存的地方，或者也可以使用sp_configure来完成。如果没有其它应用程序，，那么就不要限制MS SQL对内存的使用。
最后我们来看查询的开销，这个开销显然是越低越好，因为我们不能从中得到好处，相反，使用了越多的内存多半意味着查询速度的降低。所以我们一般要避免中间表和游标的使用，在经常作关联和排序的列上建立索引。
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