PHP+MySQL的组合是构建网站的一个常见搭配,不过如何使用PHP通过Web访问MySQL数据库呢?下面从Web数据库架构的工作原理讲起。 从Web查询数据库:Web数据库架构的工作原理 从Web查询数据库的基本步骤 从Web查询数据库:使用Prepared语句 mysqli函数库支持prep
PHP+MySQL的组合是构建网站的一个常见搭配,不过如何使用PHP通过Web访问MySQL数据库呢?下面从Web数据库架构的工作原理讲起。
从Web查询数据库:Web数据库架构的工作原理
从Web查询数据库的基本步骤
从Web查询数据库:使用Prepared语句
mysqli函数库支持prepared语句的使用。它们对于在执行大量具有不同数据的相同查询时,可以提高速度,也可以免受SQL注射风格(injection-stytle——的攻击。
prepared语句的基本思想是可以向MySQL发送一个需要执行的查询模板,然后在单独发送数据。我们可以向相同的prepared语句发送大量的相同的数据;这个特性对批量处理的插入操作来说是非常有用的。
我们一般使用一下几个步骤:
1、构造模板。已插入为例: $query = "insert into user values(?,?,?,?)";
2、使用prepared语句,构建一个语句对象或需要用来完成实际处理的资源。 $stmt = $db->prepare($query);或者mysqli_stmt_prepare($query);
3、调用$stmt->bind_param("sssd",$str1,$str3,$str3,$int4)或者mysqli_stmt_bind_param("sssd",$str1,$str3,$str3,$int4) 告诉php那些变量应该被问号所替换。第一个参数是一个格式化字符串,后面是将要被替换的变量。
3、调用$stmt->execute()或者mysqli_stmt_execute()函数,将真正运行这个query语句
对于select类型查询,可以使用$stmt->bind_result()或mysqli_stmt_bind_result()函数提供希望填充结果列的变量列表,然后每次调用 $stmt->fetch()或者mysqli_stmt_fetch()函数时,结果集下一行的值将被填充到这些绑定变量中。
使用PHP与数据库交互的其他接口
PHP支持连接到许多不同数据库的函数,包括Oracle、Microsoft SQL Server和PostgreSQL。通常,连接和查询这些火速据库的基本原理是相同的,个别 函数名称可能不同。如果希望使用PHP还没有提供支持的特殊数据库,可以使用常规的ODBC函数。
ODBC表示开放的数据库连接,他是连接数据库的标准。ODBC只具有任何函数集的优先功能,如果要求必须兼容所有的数据库,就不能使用任何数据库的特殊功能。
除了PHP附带的函数库以外,一些可供使用的数据库抽象类如MDB2允许为不同的数据库类型使用相同的函数名。但是要提前安装抽象层,例如安装PEAR MDB2抽象层。

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