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使用JDBC连接数据库

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:00 PM
javajdbcusedatabaseconnect

JDBC是Java数据库连接技术,他能实现Java程序对各种数据库的访问。由一组使用Java语言编写的类和接口组成,他们位于java.sql和javax.sql中。 JDBC是一种用于执行SQL语句的java API,JDBC并不能直接访问数据库,需要依赖于数据库厂商提供的JDBC驱动程序。 JDB

JDBC是Java数据库连接技术,他能实现Java程序对各种数据库的访问。由一组使用Java语言编写的类和接口组成,他们位于java.sql和javax.sql中。

JDBC是一种用于执行SQL语句的java API,JDBC并不能直接访问数据库,需要依赖于数据库厂商提供的JDBC驱动程序。

JDBC的编程步骤如下:

1、通过Class.forName();注册驱动。

2、通过DriverManager类的getConnection()方法获得数据库连接。需要给出连接数据库的URL和数据库用户名和密码。

3、用数据库连接对象获得Statement对象,他可以用来执行SQL语句。

4、用Statement对象执行SQL语句。实质上SQL语句是数据库执行的,Statement只是负责发送SQL和接受结果。

5、处理执行结果。查询结果为ResultSet。

6、释放数据库的连接。

因为在开发和部署时可能用到不同的数据库,因此我们可以讲数据库信息写在配置文件中,让程序通过读取配置文件来获得这些信息。

下面看一个示例:

首先看数据库(这里使用Oracle数据库):

\

该数据库公有7个字段,id字段是主键,代表新闻编号;title字段表示新闻标题;summary字段代表新闻摘要,content代表新闻内容;createdate表示新闻创建时间;mindifydate代表新闻最终修改时间。

然后在看java项目中的配置文件。在此之前需要在项目中导入Oracle数据库的驱动包ojdbc14.jar。

jdbc.driver_class=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
jdbc.connection.url=jdbc\:oracle\:thin\:@localhost\:1521\:ORCL
jdbc.connection.username=myhr
jdbc.connection.password=myhr

然后看读取数据库配置文件的工具类。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;


public class ConfigManager {
	private static ConfigManager configManager;//声明ConfigManager对象
	private static Properties properties;//声明Properties对象
	
	private ConfigManager(){
		String configPath = "database.properties";
		properties = new Properties();
		InputStream in = ConfigManager.class.getResourceAsStream(configPath);
		try {
			properties.load(in);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	private static ConfigManager getInstance(){
		if(configManager == null){
			configManager = new ConfigManager();
		}
		return configManager;
	}
	
	public String getString(String key){
		return properties.getProperty(key);
	}
}

然后看数据库操作代码,看JDBC如何具体操作数据库

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Date;

public class NewsDao {
	Connection connection = null;
	Statement statement = null;
	PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
	ResultSet rs = null;
	//建立与数据库之间的连接
	public void getConnection(){
		//调用工具类的相应方法,得到配置文件中的信息
		String driver = ConfigManager.getInstance().getString("jdbc.driver_class");
		String url = ConfigManager.getInstance().getString("jdbc.connection.url");
		String username = ConfigManager.getInstance().getString("jdbc.connection.username");
		String password = ConfigManager.getInstance().getString("jdbc.connection.password");
		try {
			//使用Class.froName方法加载驱动类
			Class.forName(driver);
			//DriverManager类的getConnection方法建立于数据库连接
			connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	//查询新闻
	public void getNewsList(){
		getConnection();
		String sql = "select * from news";
		try {
			//获得Statement对象
			statement = connection.createStatement();
			//执行SQL语句并得到ResultSet
			rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
			//处理执行结果
			while(rs.next()){
				int id = rs.getInt("id");
				String title = rs.getString("title");
				String summary = rs.getString("summary");
				String content = rs.getString("content");
				String author = rs.getString("author");
				Timestamp time = rs.getTimestamp("createdate");
				Timestamp last = rs.getTimestamp("MIDIFYDATE");
				System.out.println("新闻id:"+id+" 标题:"+title+" 摘要:"+summary
			+" 内容:"+content+" 作者:"+author+" 创建时间:"+time+" 修改时间:"+last);
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			try {
				rs.close();
				statement.close();
				connection.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			
		}
	}
	//添加新闻信息
	public void add(int id,String title,String summary,String content,
			String author,Date createdate,Date last){
		getConnection();
		String sql = "insert into news values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
		try {
			pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
			pstmt.setInt(1, id);
			pstmt.setString(2, title);
			pstmt.setString(3, summary);
			pstmt.setString(4, content);
			pstmt.setString(5, author);
			pstmt.setTimestamp(6, new java.sql.Timestamp(createdate.getTime()));
			pstmt.setTimestamp(7, new java.sql.Timestamp(last.getTime()));
			int i = pstmt.executeUpdate();//i表示插入的行数
			if(i>0)
				System.out.println("插入成功!");
			else
				System.out.println("插入失败!");
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			try {
				pstmt.close();
				connection.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
	}
	
}

然后看测试类

import java.util.Date;


public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		NewsDao nd = new NewsDao();
		nd.getNewsList();
		nd.add(2, "有蚊子", "今天竟然有蚊子", "今天竟然真的有蚊子,咬了我好几口!",
				"admin", new Date(), new Date());
	}
}

程序正常运行。

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