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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial详述Oracle 11g中的Reference Partition

本篇主要介绍11g新推出的Reference Partitioin。Reference Partition针对的业务场景是主外键关联。主表分区之后,借助Reference

Data Partition是Oracle早期提出的一项针对大数据对象的解决方案。经过若干版本的演变,Partition依然是目前比较流行、应用广泛并且接受程度较高的技术策略。

从Oracle产品线角度,Partition的成功是与Oracle不断丰富完善分区技术和方案是分不开的。在每一个版本中,Partition技术都推出一些新的进步和发展。无论是8、8i还是11g、12c,Partition技术都是在不断的向前进步,来满足更加复杂的实际应用需求。

本篇主要介绍11g新推出的Reference Partitioin。Reference Partition针对的业务场景是主外键关联。主表分区之后,借助Reference Partition可以实现自动的子表分区(不管子表上有无分区键)。经过Reference Partition分区之后,在同一个主表分区中的数据记录,对应到的子表记录,全部都在相同的子表分区上。

这种特性和分区类型,从性能和管理两个方面,都可以给日常运维带来很多好处方便。下面笔者将通过一系列实验来介绍Reference Partiton。

1、实验环境介绍

笔者选择Oracle 11g进行测试,,具体版本为11.2.0.4。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

-----------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE    11.2.0.4.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production

2、Reference Partition数据表创建

和普通主外键数据表创建没有过多差异,首先我们需要创建带分区的主表。

SQL> create table t_master

  2  ( object_id number,

  3    owner varchar2(100),

  4    object_name varchar2(100),

  5    object_type varchar2(100)

  6  )

  7  partition by list(owner) –List分区类型

  8  (

  9    partition p0 values ('PUBLIC'),

 10    partition p1 values ('SYS'),

 11    partition p3 values (default)

 12  )

 13  ;

--添加主键约束

SQL> alter table t_master add constraint pk_t_master primary key (object_id);

Table altered

创建子表,注意:Reference Partition并不要求子表中包括分区键,引用关系就是子表的分区依据。另外:使用Reference Partition要求创建子表和定义外键约束在同一个语句中。

SQL> create table t_detail

  2  ( object_id number,

  3    master_id number,

  4    obj_comment varchar2(100),

  5    obj_type varchar2(100),

  6    constraint fk_mas_det foreign key (master_id) references t_master(object_id)

  7  ) partition by reference(fk_mas_det);

 

create table t_detail

( object_id number,

  master_id number,

  obj_comment varchar2(100),

  obj_type varchar2(100),

  constraint fk_mas_det foreign key (master_id) references t_master(object_id)

) partition by reference(fk_mas_det)

ORA-14652: 不支持引用分区外键

我们收到了一个Oracle报错。首先我们看一下定义reference partition的语法,在create table语句中要创建定义好外键约束的名称。之后,利用partition by语句,将外键作为划分依据进行定义。

当前报错ORA-14652,检查一下官方对于这个错误的解释。

[oracle@localhost ~]$ oerr ora 14652

14652, 00000, "reference partitioning foreign key is not supported"

// *Cause:  The specified partitioning foreign key was not supported

//          for reference-partitioned tables. All columns of the

//          partitioning foreign key must be constrained NOT NULL with

//          enabled, validated, and not deferrable constraints. Furthermore,

//          a virtual column cannot be part of the partitioning foreign key.

//* Action: Correct the statement to specify a supported

//          partitioning foreign key.

说明中提示了错误原因,如果使用Reference Partition,外键列是不允许为空的。标准外键定义并没有规定外键列必须为空,但是如果使用引用分区技术,就必须要求外键列不能为空。

这种约束其实也好理解。Reference Partition不需要明确指定分区键,但是实际上还是需分区键(或者称为分区因素)。如果没有外键值,也就失去了到主表分区的定位功能,Oracle必然不会允许创建。修改建表语句如下:

SQL> create table t_detail

  2  ( object_id number,

  3    master_id number not null,

  4    obj_comment varchar2(100),

  5    obj_type varchar2(100),

  6    constraint fk_mas_det foreign key (master_id) references t_master(object_id)

  7  ) partition by reference(fk_mas_det);

Table created

下面从分区表角度观察两个数据表。

SQL> select partition_name, high_value, partition_position from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SYS' and table_name='T_MASTER';

PARTITION_NAME      HIGH_VALUE      PARTITION_POSITION

-------------------- --------------- ------------------

P0                  'PUBLIC'                        1

P1                  'SYS'                            2

P3                  default                          3

SQL> select partition_name, high_value, partition_position from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SYS' and table_name='T_DETAIL';

PARTITION_NAME      HIGH_VALUE      PARTITION_POSITION

-------------------- --------------- ------------------

P0                                                    1

P1                                                    2

P3                                                    3

注意两点:子表t_detail的high_value列为空,说明该数据表并没有一个明确的分区键,主表分区键owner在子表中也不存在。另外,子表分区结构、数量和名称与主表完全相同。

从段结构segment上,我们可以看到11g的defered segment creation并没有应用。

SQL> select segment_name, partition_name, segment_type from dba_segments where owner='SYS' and segment_name in ('T_MASTER','T_DETAIL');

SEGMENT_NAME    PARTITION_NAME      SEGMENT_TYPE

--------------- -------------------- ----------------------

T_MASTER        P3                  TABLE PARTITION

T_MASTER        P1                  TABLE PARTITION

T_MASTER        P0                  TABLE PARTITION

T_DETAIL        P3                  TABLE PARTITION

T_DETAIL        P1                  TABLE PARTITION

T_DETAIL        P0                  TABLE PARTITION

6 rows selected

3、数据插入实验

下面进行数据插入和分区分布实验。首先进行主表数据插入:

SQL> insert into t_master select object_id, owner, object_name, object_type from dba_objects;

120361 rows inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'T_MASTER',cascade => true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

子表数据插入:

SQL> insert into t_detail select seq_t_detail.nextval, object_id, object_name, object_type from dba_objects where object_name not in 

('SEQ_T_DETAIL');

120361 rows inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'T_DETAIL',cascade => true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

按照当前的数据关系,应该是一条主表记录,对应一条子表记录的关系。我们检查数据字典情况。

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, high_value,num_rows from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SYS' and table_name in ('T_MASTER');

TABLE_NAME        PARTITION_NAME      HIGH_VALUE        NUM_ROWS

------------------------------ -------------------- --------------- ----------

T_MASTER          P0                  'PUBLIC'            33996

T_MASTER          P1                  'SYS'                37817

T_MASTER          P3                  default              48548

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, high_value,num_rows from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SYS' and table_name in ('T_DETAIL');

TABLE_NAME        PARTITION_NAME      HIGH_VALUE        NUM_ROWS

------------------------------ -------------------- --------------- ----------

T_DETAIL          P0                                        33996

T_DETAIL          P1                                        37817

T_DETAIL          P3                                        48548

数据分布正确。说明:子表分区分布的依据完全在于主表记录对应的分区编号。相同主表分区记录对应的子表记录,一定在相同的子表分区上。不同主表分区记录对应的子表记录,不可能在相同的子表分区上。

为便于实验,多插入一些数据:

SQL> insert into t_detail select seq_t_detail.nextval, object_id, object_name, object_type from dba_objects where object_name not in 

('SEQ_T_DETAIL');

120361 rows inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'T_DETAIL',cascade => true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

SQL> select table_name, partition_name, high_value,num_rows from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SYS' and table_name in ('T_DETAIL');

TABLE_NAME    PARTITION_NAME      HIGH_VALUE        NUM_ROWS

------------------------------ -------------------- --------------- ----------

T_DETAIL      P0                                        67992

T_DETAIL      P1                                        75634

T_DETAIL      P3                                        97096

那么,Reference Partition在实际运维场景下的意义在于何处呢?

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