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MySQL修改默认存储引擎

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:52 PM
mysqlRevisestorageenginedefault

mysql存储引擎: MySQL服务器采用了模块化风,各部分之间保持相对独立,尤其体现在存储架构上。存储引擎负责管理数据存储,以及MySQL的索引管理。通过定义的API,MySQL服务器能够与存储引擎进行通信。目前使用最多的是MyISAM和InnoDB。InnoDB被Oracle收购后

mysql存储引擎:

MySQL服务器采用了模块化风格,各部分之间保持相对独立,尤其体现在存储架构上。存储引擎负责管理数据存储,以及MySQL的索引管理。通过定义的API,MySQL服务器能够与存储引擎进行通信。目前使用最多的是MyISAM和InnoDB。InnoDB被Oracle收购后,MySQL自行开发的新存储引擎Falcon将在MySQL6.0版本引进。

MyISAM引擎是一种非事务性的引擎,提供高速存储和检索,以及全文搜索能力,适合数据仓库等查询频繁的应用。MyISAM中,一个table实际保存为三个文件,.frm存储表定义,.MYD存储数据,.MYI存储索引。

InnoDB则是一种支持事务的引擎。所以的数据存储在一个或者多个数据文件中,支持类似于Oracle的锁机制。一般在OLTP应用中使用较广泛。如果没有指定InnoDB配置选项,MySQL将在MySQL数据目录下创建一个名为ibdata1的自动扩展数据文件,以及两个名为ib_logfile0和ib_logfile1的日志文件。

创建table时可以通过engine关键字指定使用的存储引擎,如果省略则使用系统默认的存储引擎:CREATE TABLE t (i INT) ENGINE = MYISAM;

查看系统中支持的存储引擎类型:

1 mysql> show engines;| Engine | Support | Comment || MyISAM | YES | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with greatperformance |

2 | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporarytables |

3 | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, andforeign keys |

4 | BerkeleyDB | NO | Supports transactions and page-level locking|

5 | BLACKHOLE | NO | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write toit disappears) |

6 | EXAMPLE | NO | Example storage engine |

7 | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine |

8 | CSV | NO | CSV storage engine |

9 | ndbcluster | NO | Clustered, fault-tolerant, memory-based tables|

10 | FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine |

11 | MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables |

12 | ISAM | NO | Obsolete storage engine |12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

标准安装程序中只提供部分引擎的支持,如果需要使用其他的存储引擎,需要使用源代码加不同的参数重新编译。其中DEFAULT表明系统的默认存储引擎,可以通过修改配置参数来变更:

default-storage-engine=MyISAM

查看某个存储引擎的具体信息

1 mysql> show engine InnoDB status\G;

一般安装系统默认是INNODB

default-storage-engine=INNODB

  1.可以在启动数据库服务器时在命令行后面加上–default-storage-engine或–default-table-type选项。
  2.更灵活的方式是在随MySQL服务器发布同时提供的MySQL客户端时指定使用的存储引擎。最直接的方式是在创建表时指定存储引擎的类型,向下面这样:

1 CREATE TABLE mytable (id int, titlechar(20)) ENGINE = INNODB

修改表的存储引擎:

1 ALTER TABLE engineTest ENGINE = INNODB;

修改默认存储引擎:

在mysql配置文件(linux下为/etc/my.cnf),在mysqld后面增加default-storage-engine=INNODB即可。

但是如果表建立的时候是MyISAM,要更改整个数据库表的存储引擎,一般要一个表一个表的修改,比较繁琐,可以采用先把数据库导出,得到SQL,把MyISAM修改成INNODB,再导入的方式。

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