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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialcoursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

Part4: Linear Regression with Multiple Variables 进入多变量线性回归~在看视频的时候发现了视频里面的一个错误:在Normal Equation的第8分钟左右,那个x的上下标写反了,应该是上标为1,2,3,4,下标一直为1. 多变量线性回归其实就是在单变量线性回归的基础上进

Part4: Linear Regression with Multiple Variables

    进入多变量线性回归~在看视频的时候发现了视频里面的一个错误:在Normal Equation的第8分钟左右,那个x的上下标写反了,应该是上标为1,2,3,4,下标一直为1.

    多变量线性回归其实就是在单变量线性回归的基础上进行推广,很多公式都是直接在单变量线性回归的基础上进行矩阵化的改写,下面列出多变量线性回归的公式。

    首先是假设函数:

coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    这里第二个公式就是矩阵化的一个写法,θ为一个n+1*1的矩阵,X为一个n+1*m的矩阵(X在原来的基础上在左边加上一列X0=1,另m为元组个数)。

    接下来是代价函数,仍然和单变量线性回归一样:

coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    最后是梯度下降法的更新公式,偏导求导之前的公式和单变量线性回归一致:

coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    如果把偏导求解出来的话,

coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    好了,基本上公式没有太大的变化。这部分视频中还讲解了一些其他的部分:

    数据缩放:简单的来说就是数据的规范化的一种。如果一个属性中数值的范围是1~2000,另一个属性中数值的范围是1~5,那么可以想象这对于计算的时候肯定非常的不方便,算法的运算效率也会降低,所以需要把一些范围很大的数据进行规范化,课程中介绍的方法是

    coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    其实还有很多数据规范化的方法,比如z分数规范化:

    coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    其中A为x的均值,σ为x的标准差;

    以及小数定标规范化:

coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    其中j是使得max(|x'|)


    Learning rate的选择:在梯度下降法中,一个合适的Learning Rate应该能够让代价函数不断的减少,如果发现代价函数不降反升,那么很有可能就是Learning rate过大。同时如果Learning rate过小,会导致算法的运行效率缓慢。如何找到一个合适的Learning rate呢?课程中教授的方法是0.001,0.003,0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1这样不断的尝试,每次将上次的Learning rate*3。


    Normal Equation:使用最小二乘法的方法进行θ的计算,公式为

coursera Machine Learning Week2 学习笔记

    课程没有给出证明……我尽力尝试下能否给出这个公式的证明。另外Normal Equation的好处就是无需选择Learning rate,无需迭代,一次完成,在维度n较小(课程中给出的阀值为10000)的时候运算速度比较快,但是后面的很多算法无法应用;而梯度下降法则是相反,而且后面的很多算法需要以梯度下降法作为基础。另如果发现矩阵不可转置,一种可能是x的属性中存在重复(同一个量不同单位比如米和英尺),或者m


Part 5:Octave Tutorial

    介绍Octave的基本用法,这里就不再阐述。


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