SQLite介绍 在介绍System.Data.SQLite之前需要介绍一下SQLite,SQLite是一个类似于Access的单机版数据库管理系统,它将所有数据库的定义(包括定义、表、索引和数据本身)都保存在一个单一的文件中。并且,SQLite是一个用C实现的类库,它在内存消耗、文件体
SQLite介绍
在介绍System.Data.SQLite之前需要介绍一下SQLite,SQLite是一个类似于Access的单机版数据库管理系统,它将所有数据库的定义(包括定义、表、索引和数据本身)都保存在一个单一的文件中。并且,SQLite是一个用C实现的类库,它在内存消耗、文件体积、简单性方面都有不错的表现,如果数据在10W条以下,查询速度也是相当快的。
SQLite具有以下特征:
实现多数SQL92的标准,包括事务(原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性)、触发器和大多数的复杂查询。
不对插入或者更新的数据进行类型检查,你可以将字符串插入到整数列中(这个可能让有些用户不太适应)。
支持Windows/Linux/Unix等主流系统,还支持嵌入式系统如Android或Windows Mobile。
System.Data.SQLite介绍
System.Data.SQLite是SQLite的加强版,它可以无需.NET Framework支持,由于它内部包含了一个ADO.NET 2.0引擎,所以.NET开发人员可以利用System.Data.SQLite方便地开发.NET程序。
System.Data.SQLite及SQLite也有一些限制,比如不支持行级及表级锁,当一个连接锁定数据库以用于写入数据,其它的数据库连接只能等待那个连接操作完成之后进行读写操作,SQLite.NET尝试在超时期内多次尝试。
实际上对于大型的应用我们都会选择一些大型专业的数据库,System.Data.SQLite和SQLite适合于一些受限的场合,比如手机等。在这里我讲一个真实的经历,在此前我曾经做过一个小型系统,要分析三个Excel文件,其中两个的记录大约在400条左右,而另外一个大约是1万条左右,对于这么一个系统如果使用数据库,即使单机版的Access,导入之后利用数据库的特性进行分析,将是一个相对较为简单的事情,因为我们可以在数据库里使用连接查询,还可以对记录使用数据库函数,但是对方提供的信息是部署的机器上尽管安装了Office,但是只是安装了Word、Excel和Outlook,而没有Access,对方也不希望安装其它的软件,由于我也不能确定没有安装Access的机器上是否能通过OleDB访问.mdb文件,所以没有办法,只有才有内存表的形式,即将Excel中的数据读取到DataTable中,然后对三个DataTable进行分析,尽管做了很多优化,但是效率仍然不是太理想。对于这种情况,如果我当时知道System.Data.SQLite就好办多了,将三个Excel中的数据导入到System.Data.SQLite中,然后利用System.Data.SQLite提供的函数处理起来是相当省事和方便的。对于System.Data.SQLite来说,部署时不需要安装,仅需要一个System.Data.SQLite.dll就够了,这个dll仅866K!而且它不需要像使用Com组件那样需要注册。
在VS2008中操作System.Data.SQLite
为了方便开发者,System.Data.SQLite提供了VS2005和VS2008的支持,甚至还支持.NET 3.5 SP1中的Entity Framework,下面是在VS2008中使用System.Data.SQLite设计器的情况:
首先打开VS2008中的服务器资源管理器,如下图:
接着在数据连接上点击鼠标右键,如下图所示:
然后选择“添加连接”,如下图所示:
这时候选择System.Data.SQLite使用的数据库文件,文件后缀默认是.db3,还可以点击下方的“测试连接”按钮,如果没有问题就会弹出正确的对话框,点击“确定”按钮之后在服务器资源管理器中就会出现如下的情况:
这样我们就可以像操作SQL Server中的库一样操作System.Data.SQLite中的表了。
System.Data.SQLite数据库通用类
针对对数据库的操作情况,分为以下几种情况:
创建数据库文件;
返回DataTable;
返回DataReader;
执行增删改,返回受影响的行数;
执行查询,返回第一行第一列(通常用于带有行函数的查询,如SUM/AVG/COUNT等);
返回库中所有的表;
因为在System.Data.SQLite中不存在存储过程,所以所有的操作都是基于文本的SQL语句,为了避免SQL注入,所以使用了参数化的SQL语句,这个数据库通用类如下:
System.Data.SQLite数据库通用类的用法
下面演示一下刚刚编写的数据库通用类的用法,代码如下:

The steps to create and manage user accounts in MySQL are as follows: 1. Create a user: Use CREATEUSER'newuser'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password'; 2. Assign permissions: Use GRANTSELECT, INSERT, UPDATEONmydatabase.TO'newuser'@'localhost'; 3. Fix permission error: Use REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONmydatabase.FROM'newuser'@'localhost'; then reassign permissions; 4. Optimization permissions: Use SHOWGRA

MySQL is suitable for rapid development and small and medium-sized applications, while Oracle is suitable for large enterprises and high availability needs. 1) MySQL is open source and easy to use, suitable for web applications and small and medium-sized enterprises. 2) Oracle is powerful and suitable for large enterprises and government agencies. 3) MySQL supports a variety of storage engines, and Oracle provides rich enterprise-level functions.

The disadvantages of MySQL compared to other relational databases include: 1. Performance issues: You may encounter bottlenecks when processing large-scale data, and PostgreSQL performs better in complex queries and big data processing. 2. Scalability: The horizontal scaling ability is not as good as Google Spanner and Amazon Aurora. 3. Functional limitations: Not as good as PostgreSQL and Oracle in advanced functions, some functions require more custom code and maintenance.

MySQL supports four JOIN types: INNERJOIN, LEFTJOIN, RIGHTJOIN and FULLOUTERJOIN. 1.INNERJOIN is used to match rows in two tables and return results that meet the criteria. 2.LEFTJOIN returns all rows in the left table, even if the right table does not match. 3. RIGHTJOIN is opposite to LEFTJOIN and returns all rows in the right table. 4.FULLOUTERJOIN returns all rows in the two tables that meet or do not meet the conditions.

MySQL's performance under high load has its advantages and disadvantages compared with other RDBMSs. 1) MySQL performs well under high loads through the InnoDB engine and optimization strategies such as indexing, query cache and partition tables. 2) PostgreSQL provides efficient concurrent read and write through the MVCC mechanism, while Oracle and Microsoft SQLServer improve performance through their respective optimization strategies. With reasonable configuration and optimization, MySQL can perform well in high load environments.

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.


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