编写循环控制结构时,用户可以使用基本循环,WHILE循环和FOR循环等三种类型的循环语句,下面分别介绍使用这三种循环语句的方法。 1.基本循环 LOOP statement1; ...... EXIT [WHEN condition]; END LOOP; 当使用基本循环时,无论是否满足条件,语句至少会被执
编写循环控制结构时,用户可以使用基本循环,WHILE循环和FOR循环等三种类型的循环语句,下面分别介绍使用这三种循环语句的方法。
1.基本循环
LOOP
statement1;
......
EXIT [WHEN condition];
END LOOP;
当使用基本循环时,无论是否满足条件,语句至少会被执行一次,当condition为TRUE时,会退出循环,并执行END LOOP后的相应操作。当编写基本循环时一定要包含EXIT语句,否则会陷入死循环。另外还应该定义循环控制变量,并且在循环体内修改循环控制变量的值。示例:
SQL> declare
2 i int:=1;
3 begin
4 loop
5 insert into testloop values(i);
6 exit when i=10;
7 i:=i+1;
8 end loop;
9 end;
10 /
2.WHILE循环
基本循环至少要执行一次循环体内的语句,而对于WHILE循环来说,只有条件为TRUE时,才会执行循环体内的语句。WHILE循环以WHILE ...LOOP开始,以END LOOP结束。
WHILE condition LOOP
statement1;
statement2;
.....
END LOOP;
当condition为TRUE时,执行循环体内的语句,而当condition为FALSE或NULL时,会退出循环,并执行END LOOP后的语句。当使用WHILE循环时,应该定义循环控制变量,并在循环体内改变循环控制变量的值。示例:
SQL> declare
2 i int:=1;
3 begin
4 while i
5 insert into testloop values(i);
6 i:=i+1;
7 end loop;
8 end;
9 /
3.FOR循环
当使用基本循环或WHILE循环时,需要定义循环控制变量,并且循环控制变量不仅可以使用NUMBER类型,也可以使用其他数据类型。当使用FOR循环时,ORACLE会隐含定义循环控制变量。
FOR counter in [REVERSE] lower_bound. .upper_bound LOOP
statement1;
statement2;
.......
END LOOP;
counter是循环控制变量,并且该变量由oracle隐含定义,不需要显式定义。lower_bound和upper_bound分别对应于循环控制变量的下界值和上界值,默认情况下,当使用FOR循环时,每次循环时循环控制变量会自动增1.如果指定REVERSE选项,那么每次循环时循环控制变量会自动减1。示例:
SQL> begin
2 for i in reverse 1..10 loop
3 insert into testloop values(i);
4 end loop;
5 end;
4.嵌套循环和标号
嵌套循环是指在一个循环语句之中嵌入另一个循环语句,而标号(label)则用于标记嵌套块或嵌套循环,通过在嵌套循环中使用标号,可以区分内层循环和外层循环,并且可以在内层循环中直接退出外层循环,在编写时可以用>定义标号。示例:
SQL> declare
2 result int;
3 begin
4 >
5 for i in 1..100 loop
6 >
7 for j in 1..100 loop
8 result:=i*j;
9 exit outer when result=1000;
10 exit when result=500;
11 end loop inter;
12 dbms_output.put_line(result);
13 end loop outer;
14 dbms_output.put_line(result);
15 end;
16 /
当执行以上PL/SQL块时,如果result=1000,那么直接退出外层循环,而result=500时只会退出内层循环。

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