ORACLE的数据字典是数据库的重要组成部分之一,它随着数据库的产生而产生, 随着数据库的变化而变化, 体现为sys用户下的一些表和视图。数据字典名称是大写的英文字符。 数据字典里存有用户信息、用户的权限信息、所有数据对象信息、表的约束条件、统计分析数据
ORACLE的数据字典是数据库的重要组成部分之一,它随着数据库的产生而产生, 随着数据库的变化而变化, 体现为sys用户下的一些表和视图。数据字典名称是大写的英文字符。数据字典里存有用户信息、用户的权限信息、所有数据对象信息、表的约束条件、统计分析数据库的视图等。我们不能手工修改数据字典里的信息。很多时候,一般的ORACLE用户不知道如何有效地利用它。
dictionary 全部数据字典表的名称和解释,它有一个同义词dict
dict_column 全部数据字典表里字段名称和解释
如果我们想查询跟索引有关的数据字典时,可以用下面这条SQL语句:
SQL>select * from dictionary where instr(comments,'index')>0;
如果我们想知道user_indexes表各字段名称的详细含义,可以用下面这条SQL语句:
SQL>select column_name,comments from dict_columns where
table_name='USER_INDEXES';
依此类推,就可以轻松知道数据字典的详细名称和解释,不用查看ORACLE的其它文档资料了。
下面按类别列出一些ORACLE用户常用数据字典的查询使用方法。
一、用户
查看当前用户的缺省表空间
SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
查看当前用户的角色
SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限
SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;
SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;
二、表
查看用户下所有的表
SQL>select * from user_tables;
查看名称包含log字符的表
SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
查看某表的创建时间
SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper
('&table_name');
查看某表的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where
segment_name=upper('&table_name');
查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表
SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
三、索引
查看索引个数和类别
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
查看索引被索引的字段
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
查看索引的大小
SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where
segment_name=upper('&index_name');
四、序列号
查看序列号,last_number是当前值
SQL>select * from user_sequences;
五、视图
查看视图的名称
SQL>select view_name from user_views;
查看创建视图的select语句
SQL>select view_name,text_length from user_views;
SQL>set long 2000;说明:可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小
SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
六、同义词
查看同义词的名称
SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
七、约束条件
查看某表的约束条件
SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from
user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');
SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
八、存储函数和过程
查看函数和过程的状态
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
查看函数和过程的源代码
SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
九、触发器
查看触发器
set long 50000;
set heading off;
set pagesize 2000;
select
'create or replace trigger "' ||
trigger_name || '"' || chr(10)||
decode( substr( trigger_type, 1, 1 ),
'A', 'AFTER', 'B', 'BEFORE', 'I', 'INSTEAD OF' ) ||
chr(10) ||
triggering_event || chr(10) ||
'ON "' || table_owner || '"."' ||
table_name || '"' || chr(10) ||
decode( instr( trigger_type, 'EACH ROW' ), 0, null,
'FOR EACH ROW' ) || chr(10) ,
trigger_body
from user_triggers;

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