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常用数据库函数对比

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:06 PM
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欢迎进入Windows社区论坛,与300万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 今天在处理postgreSQL数据库的函数的时候。遇到了一个问题我要在select语句中来判断某个字段的属性是否为空,或者是否为一个特定的值,我需要作判断,在oracle中我们会用nvl decode 等函数。同样 m

欢迎进入Windows社区论坛,与300万技术人员互动交流 >>进入

  今天在处理postgreSQL数据库的函数的时候。遇到了一个问题我要在select语句中来判断某个字段的属性是否为空,或者是否为一个特定的值,我需要作判断,在oracle中我们会用nvl decode 等函数。同样 mysql 中会有ifnull,if 函数。有时候会搞混,忘记了那个哪个数据库支持这个函数了。

  于是就总结一下,不同数据库中的一些常用函数,这样方便以后使用。

  一,日期操作1,操作当前日期和时间Microsoft SQL Server Select GETDATE()

  GO MySQL 返回日期不包括时间Select CURDATE();MySQL 返回日期和时间Select NOW();oracle Select SYSDATE  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select CURRENT_DATE;Select NOW();返回日期时间还包括时区2,操作时间的获取子域Microsoft SQL Server Select DATEPART(dw, GETDATE())

  GO MySQL Select DAYNAME(CURDATE());oracle Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'Day')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select DATE_PART('dow',date 'now');//dow = day of week Select DATE_PART('hour', timestamp 'now')

  Microsoft SQL 中调用函数DATEPART语法为: DATEPART(datetype, date_expression)。函数参数datetype 为month, day, week, day of week 等,而第二个参数为包含日期类型的字段或者一个真实的日期值,而mysql中的DAYNAME函数就是直接指定了当前日期为星期几,oracle中的TO_CHAR可以从日期中拿到所需要的子域,日期,小时,分钟等。

  3,时间间隔,在一些应用中需要知道两个时间间隔多远Microsoft SQL Server Select DATEDIFF(dd, '1/1/01', GETDATE())

  GO MySQL Select FROM_DAYS(TO_DAYS(CURDATE()) - TO_DAYS('2001-11-25'));oracle Select TO_DATE('25-Nov-2000','dd-mon-yyyy') - TO_DATE('25-Aug-1969','dd-mon-yyyy')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select AGE(CURRENT_DATE, '25-Aug-1969');测量不同时间的间隔,不同的数据库之间函数语法有很大的不同。

  4,日期时间格式化Microsoft SQL Server Select CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), GETDATE(), 102)

  GO MySQL Select DATE_FORMAT( \"2001-11-25\", \"%M %e, %Y\");oracle Select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'dd-Mon-yyyy hh:mi:ss PM')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select TO_CHAR (timestamp(CURRENT_DATE),'dd-Mon-yyyy hh:mi:ss PM');二,字符串操作1,字符串中包含字符Microsoft SQL Server Select CHARINDEX('eat', 'great')

  GO MySQL Select POSITION('eat' IN 'great');oracle Select INSTR('Great','eat') FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select POSITION('eat' IN 'great');通过上面的这些函数可以确定字符串在另一个字符串中的位置(及另一个字符串包含这个字符串的位置)。

  2,字符串去掉空格Microsoft SQL Server Select LTRIM('  sql_in_a_nutshell'),Select RTRIM('sql_in_a_nutshell      '),Select LTRIM(RTRIM('     sql_in_a_nutshell     ')

  GO MySQL Select LTRIM('  sql_in_a_nutshell'),Select RTRIM('sql_in_a_nutshell      '),Select TRIM('     sql_in_a_nutshell      '),Select TRIM(BOTH FROM '     sql_in_a_nutshell     ');oracle Select LTRIM('  sql_in_a_nutshell'),Select RTRIM('sql_in_a_nutshell      '),TRIM('     sql_in_a_nutshell      ')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select TRIM(LEADING FROM '     sql_in_a_nutshell'),TRIM(TRAILING FROM 'sql_in_a_nutshell     '),TRIM(BOTH FROM '     sql_in_a_nutshell     ');3,上面清除空格相反的操作,添加空格Microsoft SQL Server Not supported MySQL Select LPAD('sql_in_a_nutshell', 20, ' '),RPAD('sql_in_a_nutshell', 20, ' ');oracle Select LPAD(('sql_in_a_nutshell', 20, ' '),RPAD(('sql_in_a_nutshell', 20, ' ')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select LPAD('sql_in_a_nutshell', 20, ' '),RPAD('sql_in_a_nutshell', 20, ' ');上面支持该操作的数据库的函数都相同,并且都包括从左和右添加空格的方法。

  4,字符串替换Microsoft SQL Server [returns 'wabbit_hunting_season'] Select STUFF('wabbit_season', 7, 1, '_hunting_')

  GO MySQL [returns 'wabbit_hunting_season'] Select REPLACE('wabbit_season','it_','it_hunting_');oracle [returns 'wabbit_hunting_season'] Select REPLACE('wabbit_season','it_','it_hunting_')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select TRANSLATE('wabbit_season','it_','it_hunting_');Select replace('wabbit_season','it_','it_hunting_');5,字符串截取Microsoft SQL Server Select SUBSTRING('wabbit_duck_season', 7, 11)

  GO MySQL Select SUBSTRING('wabbit_duck_season', 7, 11);oracle Select SUBSTR('wabbit_duck_season', 7, 11)

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select SUBSTR('wabbit_duck_season', 7, 11);三,条件判断1,条件判断Microsoft SQL Server Select  CASE WHEN foo = 'hi'   THEN 'there' WHEN foo = 'good' THEN 'bye' ELSE 'default' END FROM t2 GO MySQL select if(('11'='11'),'1','2')

  select if(2>1,'1','2')

  oracle Select DECODE(payments_info,'CR','Credit','DB','Debit', null)

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select CASE WHEN foo = 'hi'   THEN 'there' WHEN foo = 'good' THEN 'bye' ELSE 'default' END FROM t2;上面的函数我们就不多作解释了,很容易理解,我们来说一下mysql的if()函数,如果第一个参数为true那么返回地二个参数,否则返回第三个参数。

  2,判断空函数

  Microsoft SQL Server Select ISNULL(foo, 'Value is Null')

  GO MySQL select ifnull(122,'aaa')

  oracle Select NVL(foo,'Value is Null')

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select coalesce(foo,'Value is Null')

  3,下面与上面的函数不同Microsoft SQL Server [returns NULL when foo equates to 'Wabbits!'] Select NULLIF(foo, 'Wabbits!')

  GO MySQL N/A oracle Select DECODE(foo,'Wabbits!',NULL)

  FROM dual;PostgreSQL Select NULLIF(foo, 'Wabbits!');函数语法:NULLIF(expression1, expression2)

  如果 expression1 等于 expression2则返回 NULL,如果expression1的值为null,也返回NULL

常用数据库函数对比

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