数据库的三级模式和两级映射 数据库的三级模式两级映射如下图所示 三级模式 外模式：应用程序用到的部分数据的逻辑结构。一个数据库可以有多个外模式 概念模式(模式、逻辑模式)：数据库管理员用到的视图，就是我们在DBMS的可视化 界面中看到的数据库对象。一
数据库的三级模式和两级映射
数据库的三级模式两级映射如下图所示
三级模式
外模式：应用程序用到的部分数据的逻辑结构。一个数据库可以有多个外模式
概念模式(模式、逻辑模式)：数据库管理员用到的视图，就是我们在DBMS的可视化
界面中看到的数据库对象。一个数据库只有一个概念模式 www.2cto.com
内模式：数据库的最低层模式，是数据物理结构和存储方式的描述。一个数据库只有一个内模式。
两级映射
外模式-概念模式的映射
概念模式-内模式的映射
三级模式的关系
模式(概念模式)是数据库的核心与关键
内模式依赖于模式，独立于外模式和存储设备
外模式面向具体的应用，独立于内模式和存储设备
应用程序依赖于外模式，独立于模式和内模式
数据库的两级独立性
物理独立性：应用程序与存储在磁盘上的数据库中的数据是相互独立的
逻辑独立性：应用程序和数据库的逻辑结构相互独立 www.2cto.com
注意：逻辑独立比物理独立难实现
两级独立性依赖于两级映射
下面补充一点数据模型的知识
在这里大家一定要注意三级模式中的概念模式对应的是数据库设计的逻辑模型，而不是概念模型(E-R模型)，一定不要弄混了。
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