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概述安装和环境设置语法数据类型创建数据库选择数据库删除数据库创建表删除表架构 Insert 查询 Select 查询运算符表达式 Where 子句 AND & OR 子句 Update 查询 Delete 查询 Like 子句 Limit 子句 Order By 子句 Group By 子句 With 子句 Having 子句 Distinct 关键字约束连接 Unions 子句 NULL 值 Alias 语法触发器索引 Alter Table 命令 Truncate 命令视图事务锁子查询自动增量权限日期/时间函数 & 运算符函数实用函数 C/C++ Java PHP Perl Python

高级PostgreSQL

约束连接 Unions 子句 NULL 值 Alias 语法触发器索引 Alter Table 命令 Truncate 命令视图事务锁子查询自动增量权限日期/时间函数 & 运算符函数实用函数

PostgreSQL接口

C/C++ Java PHP Perl Python

PostgreSQL 教程

更新时间2025-08-21

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安装

PostgreSQL 可以使用 Perl DBI 模块与 Perl 集成，该模块是 Perl 编程语言的数据库访问模块。它定义了一组提供标准数据库接口的方法、变量和约定。

以下是在您的 Linux/Unix 机器上安装 DBI 模块的简单步骤 −

$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TI/TIMB/DBI-1.625.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz DBI-1.625.tar.gz
$ cd DBI-1.625
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install

如果需要为 DBI 安装 SQLite 驱动，那么可以如下安装 −

$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TU/TURNSTEP/DBD-Pg-2.19.3.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz DBD-Pg-2.19.3.tar.gz
$ cd DBD-Pg-2.19.3
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install

在开始使用 Perl PostgreSQL 界面之前，请在 PostgreSQL 安装目录中找到 pg_hba.conf 文件并添加以下行 −

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5

您可以使用以下命令启动/重新启动 postgres 服务器，以防它未运行 −

[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]
Starting postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

DBI 接口 API

以下是重要的 DBI 例程，它们可以满足您在 Perl 程序中使用 SQLite 数据库的要求。如果您正在寻找更复杂的应用程序，那么您可以查看 Perl DBI 官方文档。

S. No.	API & Description
1	DBI→connect($data_source, "userid", "password", \%attr) 建立到请求的 $data_source 的数据库连接或会话。如果连接成功，则返回一个数据库句柄对象。 Datasource 的格式如下:DBI:Pg:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432 Pg 是 PostgreSQL 驱动程序名称，testdb 是数据库名称。
2	$dbh→do($sql) 此例程准备并执行单个 SQL 语句。返回受影响的行数或错误时取消定义的行数。返回值 -1 表示行数未知、不适用或不可用。这里 $dbh 是 DBI→connect() 调用返回的句柄。
3	$dbh→prepare($sql) 该例程准备语句供数据库引擎稍后执行，并返回对语句句柄对象的引用。
4	$sth→execute() 该例程执行执行准备好的语句所需的任何处理。如果发生错误，则返回 undef。无论受影响的行数如何，成功的执行总是返回 true。这里 $sth 是 $dbh→prepare($sql) 调用返回的语句句柄。
5	$sth→fetchrow_array() 此例程获取下一行数据并将其作为包含字段值的列表返回。 Null 字段在列表中作为 undef 值返回。
6	$DBI::err This is equivalent to $h→err, where $h is any of the handle types like $dbh, $sth, or $drh. This returns native database engine error code from the last driver method called.
7	$DBI::errstr 这等价于 $h→errstr，其中 $h 是任何句柄类型，如 $dbh、$sth 或 $drh。这会从最后调用的 DBI 方法返回本机数据库引擎错误消息。
8	$dbh->disconnect() 此例程关闭先前通过调用 DBI→connect() 打开的数据库连接。

连接数据库

以下 Perl 代码显示了如何连接到现有数据库。如果数据库不存在，则创建它，最后返回一个数据库对象。

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver  = "Pg"; 
my $database = "testdb";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname = $database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
my $userid = "postgres";
my $password = "pass123";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 }) 
   or die $DBI::errstr;

print "Opened database successfully\n";

现在，让我们运行上面给出的程序来打开我们的数据库testdb；如果数据库成功打开，那么它将给出以下消息 −

Open database successfully

创建表

以下 Perl 程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建表 −

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "Pg"; 
my $database = "testdb";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
my $userid = "postgres";
my $password = "pass123";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
   or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(CREATE TABLE COMPANY
      (ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
      NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
      AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
      ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
      SALARY         REAL););
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt);
if($rv < 0) {
   print $DBI::errstr;
} else {
   print "Table created successfully\n";
}
$dbh->disconnect();

执行上述程序时，它将在您的 testdb 中创建 COMPANY 表，并显示以下消息 −

Opened database successfully
Table created successfully

插入操作

以下 Perl 程序显示了我们如何在上面示例中创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录 −

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "Pg"; 
my $database = "testdb";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname = $database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
my $userid = "postgres";
my $password = "pass123";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
   or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ));
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ));
$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 ));
$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 ););
$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

print "Records created successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

执行上述给定程序时，它将在 COMPANY 表中创建给定记录，并显示以下两行 −

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

以下 Perl 程序展示了我们如何从上面示例中创建的 COMPANY 表中获取和显示记录 −

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "Pg"; 
my $database = "testdb";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname = $database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
my $userid = "postgres";
my $password = "pass123";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
   or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
my $rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
if($rv < 0) {
   print $DBI::errstr;
}
while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
      print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      print "SALARY =  ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

执行上述给定程序时，将产生以下结果 −

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  20000

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

更新操作

以下 Perl 代码显示了我们如何使用 UPDATE 语句更新任何记录，然后从我们的 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录 −

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "Pg"; 
my $database = "testdb";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname = $database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
my $userid = "postgres";
my $password = "pass123";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
   or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;);
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
if( $rv < 0 ) {
   print $DBI::errstr;
}else{
   print "Total number of rows updated : $rv\n";
}
$stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
$rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
if($rv < 0) {
   print $DBI::errstr;
}
while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
      print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      print "SALARY =  ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

执行上述给定程序时，将产生以下结果 −

Opened database successfully
Total number of rows updated : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  25000

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

删除操作

以下 Perl 代码显示了我们如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录，然后从我们的 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录 −

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "Pg"; 
my $database = "testdb";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname = $database;host = 127.0.0.1;port = 5432";
my $userid = "postgres";
my $password = "pass123";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
   or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;);
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
if( $rv < 0 ) {
   print $DBI::errstr;
} else{
   print "Total number of rows deleted : $rv\n";
}
$stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
$rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
if($rv < 0) {
   print $DBI::errstr;
}
while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
      print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      print "SALARY =  ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

执行上述给定程序时，将产生以下结果 −

Opened database successfully
Total number of rows deleted : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  25000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

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