博客列表 >浮动定位,绝对定位,相对定位布局总结-PHP九期线上班

浮动定位,绝对定位,相对定位布局总结-PHP九期线上班

Angel-Wind
Angel-Wind原创
2019年11月03日 01:20:05705浏览

1. 制作一张商品信息表,内容自定,要求用到行与列的合并

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>商品信息表</title>
    <style>
        table{
            width: 700px;
            margin: auto;
            border: 1px solid #444444;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }

        table > caption{
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            padding-bottom: 10px;
        }

        th, td{
            border: 1px solid #444444;
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        thead > tr:first-of-type{
            background: linear-gradient(green,white);
        }

        tbody > tr:nth-of-type(odd){
            background-color: #eaeaea;
        }

        tfoot >tr >td:first-of-type{
            background: linear-gradient(lightcoral,white);
        }

        tfoot >tr >td:last-of-type{
            background: linear-gradient(to right,chocolate,white);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <table>
        <caption>商品信息表</caption>
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>商品编码</th>
            <th>商品名称</th>
            <th>基本单位</th>
            <th>进价</th>
            <th>售价</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>001</td>
            <td>可口可乐</td>
            <td rowspan="2">听</td>
            <td rowspan="2">1.60</td>
            <td rowspan="2">2.00</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>002</td>
            <td>百事可乐</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>003</td>
            <td>雪碧</td>
            <td rowspan="3">瓶</td>
            <td>2.00</td>
            <td>2.50</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>004</td>
            <td>七喜</td>
            <td rowspan="2">3.00</td>
            <td rowspan="2">4.00</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>005</td>
            <td>美年达</td>
        </tr>
        </tbody>
        <tfoot>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="4">合计:</td>
            <td>8.50</td>
        </tr>
        </tfoot>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

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2. 使用<div><span><p><ul>...等标签来制作一张课程表

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>第九期课程安排</title>
    <style>
        .table{
            display: table;
            border-collapse: collapse;
            box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #eaeaea;
            border: 1px solid black;
            width: 700px;
            margin: auto;
        }

        .caption{
            display: table-caption;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .thead{
            display: table-header-group;
        }

        .thead > div > span{
            text-align: center;
            font-weight: bold;
            font-size: 1.2rem;
            background: linear-gradient(green,white);
            color: white;
            text-shadow: 1px 1px 0 #444;
        }

        .tbody{
            display: table-row-group;
        }

        .tbody > div > span:first-of-type{

            text-align: center;
        }
        section > div, ul{
            display: table-row;
        }

        section > div > span, section > ul > li{
            display: table-cell;
            border: 1px solid #444444;
            padding: 10px;
        }

        .tfoot{
            display: table-footer-group;
            background-color: #eaeaea;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<article class="table">
    <p class="caption">第九期课程安排</p>
<!--    表头-->
    <section class="thead">
        <div>
            <span>序号</span>
            <span>课程</span>
            <span>描述</span>
        </div>
    </section>
<!--    表格主体-->
    <section class="tbody">
        <div>
            <span>1</span>
            <span>前端开发基础</span>
            <span>HTML5常用标签,CSS3样式控制与页面布局</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <span>2</span>
            <span>PHP开发基础</span>
            <span>PHP语法,类与对象,常用开发技术与案例</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <span>3</span>
            <span>大型CMS开发实战</span>
            <span>Laravel开发基础,Laravel开发CMS全程精讲</span>
        </div>
    </section>
<!--    表格底部-->
    <section class="tfoot">
        <ul>
            <li>备注:</li>
            <li>全程直播教学</li>
            <li>每晚20:00 - 22:00(节假日除外)</li>
        </ul>
    </section>
</article>
</body>
</html>

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3.使用绝对定位,实现用户登录框在页面中始终居中显示

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>用户登录</title>
    <style>
        * {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
        }

        .main{
            border: 1px solid black;
            background-color: #eaeaea;
            width: 250px;
            height: 130px;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            right: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            margin: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
    <form action="login.php" method="post">
        <p>
            <label for="username">账号:</label>
            <input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
        </p>
        <p>
            <label for="password">密码:</label>
            <input type="password" id="password" name="password">
        </p>
        <button>提交</button>
    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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4.模仿课堂案例, 实现圣杯布局,并写出完整流程与布局思路

        圣杯布局实现左右宽度固定,中间自适应。在网页中主内容必须第一个加载。其父元素的高度始终是由三栏中高度最高的元素。设置主体的边框为左右二侧的宽度来显示二侧的内容,还必须解决浮动元素对父元素坍塌的问题。然后主体区的元素都需要浮动。设置内容区的宽度为100%。给左侧元素设置margin-left:-100%,右侧元素设置margin-left:-200px,让左右二侧元素和内容区元素能并排显示。最后给左右二侧设置相对定位移入到预留的位置

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>圣杯布局</title>
    <style>
        /*设置头部和底部样式*/
        header, footer{
            height: 60px;
            background-color: #eaeaea;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 60px;
        }

        /*设置主体区*/
        main{
            /*设置参考线*/
            border: 1px solid red;
            /*设置左边框来显示左侧内容*/
            padding-left: 200px;
            /*设置右边框来显示左侧内容*/
            padding-right: 200px;
            /*消除内边距和边框的影响*/
            box-sizing: border-box;
            /*转为BFC,解决浮动元素对父元素坍塌问题*/
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        /*主体区所有元素浮动*/
        main *{
            float: left;
        }

        /*设置内容区*/
        main > article{
            /*内容区沾满主体,能够自适应*/
            width: 100%;
            background-color: lawngreen;
            min-height: 600px;
        }

        /*设置左右侧通用样式*/
        main > aside {
            width: 200px;
            min-height: 600px;
        }

        /*设置左侧*/
        main > aside:first-of-type{
            background-color: lightcoral;
            /*通过负边距移动到主体的左边*/
            margin-left: -100%;
            /*通过相对定位移入到预留的位置*/
            position: relative;
            left: -200px;
        }

        /*设置右侧*/
        main > aside:last-of-type{
            background-color: lightslategray;
            /*通过负边距移动到主体的右边*/
            margin-left: -200px;
            /*通过相对定义移入到预留的位置*/
            position: relative;
            left: 200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<header>头部</header>
<main>
    <article>内容区</article>
    <aside>左侧</aside>
    <aside>右侧</aside>
</main>
<footer>底部</footer>
</body>
</html>

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5.不使用<table>...写表格时,如何实现行与列合并

一脸懵逼,实在想不到方法,只能用障眼法了。

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>第九期课程安排</title>
    <style>
        .table{
            display: table;
            border-collapse: collapse;
            box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #eaeaea;
            border: 1px solid black;
            width: 700px;
            margin: auto;
        }

        .caption{
            display: table-caption;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .thead{
            display: table-header-group;
        }

        .thead > div > span{
            text-align: center;
            font-weight: bold;
            font-size: 1.2rem;
            background: linear-gradient(green,white);
            color: white;
            text-shadow: 1px 1px 0 #444;
        }

        .tbody{
            display: table-row-group;
        }

        .tbody > div > span:first-of-type{

            text-align: center;
        }
        section > div, ul{
            display: table-row;
        }

        section > div > span, section > ul > li{
            display: table-cell;
            border: 1px solid #444444;
            padding: 10px;
        }

        .tfoot{
            display: table-footer-group;
            background-color: #eaeaea;
        }

        .tfoot > ul > li:first-of-type{
            color: red;
            border-right: none;
        }

        .tfoot > ul > li:nth-of-type(2){
            border-left: none;
        }

        .tfoot > ul >li > span{
            /*脱离文档流,缺点不能自适应*/
            position: absolute;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<article class="table">
    <p class="caption">第九期课程安排</p>
<!--    表头-->
    <section class="thead">
        <div>
            <span>序号</span>
            <span>课程</span>
            <span>描述</span>
        </div>
    </section>
<!--    表格主体-->
    <section class="tbody">
        <div>
            <span>1</span>
            <span>前端开发基础</span>
            <span>HTML5常用标签,CSS3样式控制与页面布局</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <span>2</span>
            <span>PHP开发基础</span>
            <span>PHP语法,类与对象,常用开发技术与案例</span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <span>3</span>
            <span>大型CMS开发实战</span>
            <span>Laravel开发基础,Laravel开发CMS全程精讲</span>
        </div>
    </section>
<!--    表格底部-->
    <section class="tfoot">
        <ul>
            <li><span>备注:备注:备注:备注:备注:</span></li>
            <li></li>
            <li>每晚20:00 - 22:00(节假日除外)</li>
        </ul>
    </section>
</article>
</body>
</html>

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6.将圣杯布局中的左右二列,使用绝对定位来实现

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>圣杯布局</title>
    <style>
        /*设置头部和底部样式*/
        header, footer{
            height: 60px;
            background-color: #eaeaea;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 60px;
        }

        /*设置主体区*/
        main{
            /*设置左边框来显示左侧内容*/
            padding-left: 200px;
            /*设置右边框来显示左侧内容*/
            padding-right: 200px;
            /*消除内边距和边框的影响*/
            box-sizing: border-box;
            /*转为BFC,解决浮动元素对父元素坍塌问题*/
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        /*主体区所有元素浮动*/
        main *{
            float: left;
        }

        /*设置内容区*/
        main > article{
            /*内容区沾满主体,能够自适应*/
            width: 100%;
            background-color: lawngreen;
            min-height: 600px;
        }

        /*设置左右侧通用样式*/
        main > aside {
            width: 200px;
            min-height: 600px;
        }

        /*设置左侧*/
        main > aside:first-of-type{
            background-color: lightcoral;
            position: absolute;
            left: 8px;
        }

        /*设置右侧*/
        main > aside:last-of-type {
            background-color: lightslategray;
            position: absolute;
            right: 8px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<header>头部</header>
<main>
    <article>内容区</article>
    <aside>左侧</aside>
    <aside>右侧</aside>
</main>
<footer>底部</footer>
</body>
</html>

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7.与圣杯类似的"双飞翼"布局如何实现,并实例演示

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>双飞翼布局</title>
    <style>
        header, footer{
            height: 60px;
            background-color: #eaeaea;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 60px;
        }

        main{
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        main > article{
            width: 100%;
            background-color: lawngreen;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            border: 1px solid red;
        }

        main > article > aside{
            margin-left: 200px;
            margin-right: 200px;
            min-height: 600px;
        }

        main *{
            float: left;
        }

        main > aside{
            width: 200px;
            min-height: 600px;
        }

        main > aside:first-of-type{
            background-color: lightcoral;
            margin-left: -100%;
        }

        main > aside:last-of-type{
            background-color: lightslategray;
            margin-left: -200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<header>头部</header>
<main>
    <article><aside>内容区</aside></article>
    <aside>左侧</aside>
    <aside>右侧</aside>
</main>
<footer>底部</footer>
</body>
</html>

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上述代码和总结中涉及知识点注释总结:

        基本能够掌握table写表格和使用div布局,在浮动定位,相对定位,绝对定位也能够略懂一二。但是在不使用table写表格时,实在想不到如何实现行与列的合并,还请老师指点一下。初步了解到圣杯布局和双飞翼布局的不同点和共同点。

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