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How to Execute Linux Shell Built-in Commands from Go?

Susan Sarandon

Nov 26, 2024 pm 12:30 PM

How to Execute Linux Shell Built-in Commands from Go?

Executing Shell Built-in Commands in Go Programs

Problem:
When attempting to execute a Linux shell built-in command, such as "command," from a Go program using exec.Command, the program fails with an error indicating that the executable is not found in the system path.

Solution:

1. Using exec.LookPath:

One native approach in Go for executing built-in commands is to use the exec.LookPath function. This function searches the system for the specified command and returns its path if it exists. To use this method, first use exec.LookPath to find the command, and then use exec.Command to execute it along with any necessary arguments.

Example:

path, err := exec.LookPath("command")
if err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("command not found: %w", err)
}
exec.Command(path, "-v", "foo")

2. Using a System Call:

Alternatively, you can use the system binary to execute shell commands. The following example runs the "command" command with the "-v" option and the "foo" argument:

exec.Command("system", "-c", "command -v foo")

3. Executing via a Shell:

If necessary, you can execute the command via a shell by prepending it with the shell's path, as shown below:

exec.Command("/bin/bash", "-c", "command -v foo")

Note:

It's important to use the appropriate method based on your requirements. For most cases, using exec.LookPath is the recommended approach as it allows for native execution of built-in commands. However, for more complex scenarios or when interfacing with other system tools, it may be necessary to use the system binary or execute via a shell.

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