关于webpack的详细介绍
- 零下一度原创
- 2017-06-26 09:08:261867浏览
Webpack是前端一个工具，可以让各个模块进行加载，预处理，再进行打包，它能有Grunt或Gulp所有基本功能。
之前使用的是gulp ，进行页面的css和js，打包压缩，配置简单，但是太过琐碎麻烦，使用sass时，直接在sass里导入sass文件，容易报错（不知道怎么回事）
webpack吸引我的地方：模块化，按需加载，压缩css，内嵌样式，独立样式。压缩js，压缩页面
参考文章：(1.0版本）
学习视频：（1.0版本）
自己安装webpack版本2.0（有些地方需要注意）
一. 安装
安装测试node和npm
1 $ node -v2 v6.11.0
$ npm -v3.10.10
新建文件夹webpack,，进入项目目录webpack，进行安装：
1，使用npm init -y生成package.json文件
npm init -y
2，安装webpack（貌似全局安装webpack，可以直接在命令行输入webpack进行打包）
//全局安装 npm install -g webpack //安装到你的项目目录 npm install --save-dev webpack
测试webpack版本为：$ webpack -v 2.6.1
配置命令
这是在 package.json 文件中配置的
"scripts": {"build": "webpack --profile --progress --colors --display-error-details","dev": "webpack --display-modules --profile --progress --colors --display-error-details","dev-hrm": "webpack-dev-server --config"
},color 输出结果带彩色，比如：会用红色显示耗时较长的步骤
profile 输出性能数据，可以看到每一步的耗时
progress 输出当前编译的进度，以百分比的形式呈现
display-modules 默认情况下 node_modules 下的模块会被隐藏，加上这个参数可以显示这些被隐藏的模块
display-error-details 输出详细的错误信息
webpack-dev-server 将会开启热更新
更多请参考官网 cli
// 开发模式npm run dev// 热更新模式npm run dev-hrm// 发布模式npm run build
二. 配置
新建webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
entry:{
main:"./src/app.js?1.1.11",
} ,//已多次提及的唯一入口文件
+ "/dist",filename: "js/[name].js?1.1.11",
HtmlWebpackPlugin
依据一个简单的模板，帮你生成最终的Html5文件
npm install --save-dev html-webpack-plugin
plugins:[new htmlWebpackPlugin({
filename:'index.html',
template:'index.html',
inject:'body',
title:'首页',
}),
]
Loaders
鼎鼎大名的Loaders登场了！
Loaders是webpack中最让人激动人心的功能之一了。通过使用不同的loader，webpack通过调用外部的脚本或工具可以对各种各样的格式的文件进行处理，比如说分析JSON文件并把它转换为JavaScript文件，或者说把下一代的JS文件（ES6，ES7)转换为现代浏览器可以识别的JS文件。或者说对React的开发而言，合适的Loaders可以把React的JSX文件转换为JS文件。
<br/>
Loaders需要单独安装并且需要在webpack.config.js下的modules关键字下进行配置，Loaders的配置选项包括以下几方面：
<br/>
test：一个匹配loaders所处理的文件的拓展名的正则表达式（必须）loader：loader的名称（必须）include/exclude:手动添加必须处理的文件（文件夹）或屏蔽不需要处理的文件（文件夹）（可选）；query：为loaders提供额外的设置选项（可选）
Babel
Babel其实是一个编译JavaScript的平台，它的强大之处表现在可以通过编译帮你达到以下目的：
<br/>
下一代的JavaScript标准（ES6，ES7），这些标准目前并未被当前的浏览器完全的支持；
使用基于JavaScript进行了拓展的语言，比如React的JSX
// npm一次性安装多个依赖模块，模块之间用空格隔开npm install --save-dev babel-core babel-loader babel-preset-es2015 babel-preset-react
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: path.resolve(__dirname,'src'),
exclude: path.resolve(__dirname,'node_modules'),
query:{
presets:["es2015"]
}
}CSS，CSS预处理器
首先安装postcss-loader 和 autoprefixer（自动添加前缀的插件）
npm install --save-dev style-loader css-loader
{
test:/\.css$/,
loader: [ 'style-loader',
{ loader: 'css-loader', options: { importLoaders: 1 } }, 'postcss-loader']
}npm install --save-dev less-loader less
npm install --save-dev postcss-loader autoprefixer
在完成一系列的操作后
package.json:
{ "name": "webpack", "version": "1.0.0", "main": "index.js?1.1.11", "scripts": {"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1","webpack": "webpack --config webpack.config.js --progress --display-module --colors"
}, "keywords": [], "author": "", "license": "ISC", "devDependencies": {"autoprefixer": "^7.1.1","babel-core": "^6.25.0","babel-loader": "^7.0.0","babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1","babel-preset-latest": "^6.24.1","babel-preset-react": "^6.24.1","css-loader": "^0.28.4","file-loader": "^0.11.2","html-loader": "^0.4.5","html-minify-loader": "^1.1.0","html-webpack-plugin": "^2.28.0","image-webpack-loader": "^3.3.1","less": "^2.7.2","less-loader": "^4.0.4","postcss-loader": "^2.0.5","style-loader": "^0.18.2","url-loader": "^0.5.9","webpack": "^2.6.1"
}, "dependencies": {"acorn": "^5.0.3","acorn-dynamic-import": "^2.0.2","ajv": "^4.11.8","anymatch": "^1.3.0","align-text": "^0.1.4","arr-diff": "^2.0.0","arr-flatten": "^1.0.3","array-unique": "^0.2.1","arrify": "^1.0.1","asn1.js?1.1.11": "^4.9.1","async": "^2.4.1","async-each": "^1.0.1","balanced-match": "^1.0.0","base64-js": "^1.2.0","binary-extensions": "^1.8.0","bn.js?1.1.11": "^4.11.6","brace-expansion": "^1.1.8","braces": "^1.8.5","brorand": "^1.1.0","browserify-aes": "^1.0.6","browserify-cipher": "^1.0.0","browserify-des": "^1.0.0","browserify-sign": "^4.0.4","browserify-zlib": "^0.1.4","buffer": "^4.9.1","buffer-xor": "^1.0.3","builtin-modules": "^1.1.1","builtin-status-codes": "^3.0.0","camelcase": "^3.0.0","center-align": "^0.1.3","chokidar": "^1.7.0","cipher-base": "^1.0.3","co": "^4.6.0","cliui": "^3.2.0","browserify-rsa": "^4.0.1","code-point-at": "^1.1.0","assert": "^1.4.1","concat-map": "^0.0.1","console-browserify": "^1.1.0","constants-browserify": "^1.0.0","create-hmac": "^1.1.6","create-ecdh": "^4.0.0","crypto-browserify": "^3.11.0","create-hash": "^1.1.3","date-now": "^0.1.4","decamelize": "^1.2.0","des.js?1.1.11": "^1.0.0","diffie-hellman": "^5.0.2","domain-browser": "^1.1.7","elliptic": "^6.4.0","enhanced-resolve": "^3.1.0","errno": "^0.1.4","events": "^1.1.1","error-ex": "^1.3.1","expand-brackets": "^0.1.5","expand-range": "^1.8.2","extglob": "^0.3.2","filename-regex": "^2.0.1","fill-range": "^2.2.3","find-up": "^1.1.2","for-own": "^0.1.5","evp_bytestokey": "^1.0.0","get-caller-file": "^1.0.2","fsevents": "^1.1.1","glob-base": "^0.3.0","for-in": "^1.0.2","glob-parent": "^2.0.0","graceful-fs": "^4.1.11","has-flag": "^1.0.0","hash.js?1.1.11": "^1.0.3","hash-base": "^2.0.2","hmac-drbg": "^1.0.1","hosted-git-info": "^2.4.2","html-webpack-plugin": "^2.28.0","https-browserify": "^0.0.1","ieee754": "^1.1.8","ajv-keywords": "^1.5.1","indexof": "^0.0.1","invert-kv": "^1.0.0","interpret": "^1.0.3","is-arrayish": "^0.2.1","is-binary-path": "^1.0.1","is-buffer": "^1.1.5","is-dotfile": "^1.0.3","is-builtin-module": "^1.0.0","is-equal-shallow": "^0.1.3","is-extendable": "^0.1.1","is-extglob": "^1.0.0","is-fullwidth-code-point": "^1.0.0","is-glob": "^2.0.1","is-number": "^3.0.0","is-posix-bracket": "^0.1.1","is-primitive": "^2.0.0","is-utf8": "^0.2.1","json-loader": "^0.5.4","json-stable-stringify": "^1.0.1","jsonify": "^0.0.0","kind-of": "^4.0.0","isobject": "^2.1.0","lazy-cache": "^1.0.4","lcid": "^1.0.0","load-json-file": "^1.1.0","loader-runner": "^2.3.0","longest": "^1.0.1","micromatch": "^2.3.11","memory-fs": "^0.4.1","minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.0","miller-rabin": "^4.0.0","minimalistic-crypto-utils": "^1.0.1","minimatch": "^3.0.4","mkdirp": "^0.5.1","minimist": "^0.0.8","node-libs-browser": "^2.0.0","normalize-path": "^2.1.1","object.omit": "^2.0.1","number-is-nan": "^1.0.1","os-browserify": "^0.2.1","os-locale": "^1.4.0","normalize-package-data": "^2.3.8","pako": "^0.2.9","parse-asn1": "^5.1.0","parse-glob": "^3.0.4","parse-json": "^2.2.0","path-browserify": "^0.0.0","path-exists": "^2.1.0","path-type": "^1.1.0","pbkdf2": "^3.0.12","pify": "^2.3.0","path-is-absolute": "^1.0.1","pinkie": "^2.0.4","pinkie-promise": "^2.0.1","preserve": "^0.2.0","process": "^0.11.10","process-nextick-args": "^1.0.7","prr": "^0.0.0","public-encrypt": "^4.0.0","punycode": "^1.4.1","querystring": "^0.2.0","querystring-es3": "^0.2.1","randomatic": "^1.1.7","randombytes": "^2.0.5","read-pkg": "^1.1.0","read-pkg-up": "^1.0.1","readdirp": "^2.1.0","regex-cache": "^0.4.3","repeat-element": "^1.1.2","repeat-string": "^1.6.1","require-directory": "^2.1.1","right-align": "^0.1.3","require-main-filename": "^1.0.1","remove-trailing-separator": "^1.0.2","safe-buffer": "^5.1.0","ripemd160": "^2.0.1","semver": "^5.3.0","set-immediate-shim": "^1.0.1","set-blocking": "^2.0.0","setimmediate": "^1.0.5","sha.js?1.1.11": "^2.4.8","source-list-map": "^1.1.2","spdx-correct": "^1.0.2","spdx-license-ids": "^1.2.2","stream-browserify": "^2.0.1","spdx-expression-parse": "^1.0.4","stream-http": "^2.7.1","string-width": "^1.0.2","strip-bom": "^2.0.0","supports-color": "^3.2.3","timers-browserify": "^2.0.2","tapable": "^0.2.6","to-arraybuffer": "^1.0.1","tty-browserify": "^0.0.0","uglify-to-browserify": "^1.0.2","util": "^0.10.3","url": "^0.11.0","validate-npm-package-license": "^3.0.1","util-deprecate": "^1.0.2","vm-browserify": "^0.0.4","watchpack": "^1.3.1","webpack-sources": "^0.2.3","webpack": "^2.6.1","which-module": "^1.0.0","window-size": "^0.1.0","wordwrap": "^0.0.2","wrap-ansi": "^2.1.0","xtend": "^4.0.1","y18n": "^3.2.1","yargs": "^6.6.0","yargs-parser": "^4.2.1"
}, "description": ""}webpack.config.js
var htmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');var path = require('path');
module.exports = {
entry:{
main:"./src/app.js?1.1.11",
} ,
output:{
path:__dirname+'/dist',
filename:'js/[name].bundle.js',//publicPath:'http://hotdeals.com/' },
module:{
loaders:[
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: path.resolve(__dirname,'src'),
exclude: path.resolve(__dirname,'node_modules'),
query:{
presets:["es2015"]
}
},{
test:/\.html/,
loader:'html-loader' },
{
test:/\.css$/,
loader: [ 'style-loader',
{ loader: 'css-loader', options: { importLoaders: 1 } }, 'postcss-loader']
},{
test:/\.less$/,
loader:'style-loader!css-loader!postcss-loader!less-loader' },
{
test:/\.(jpe?g|png|gif|svg)$/i,
loaders:[ 'file-loader?limit=200&name=assets/[name]-[hash:5].[ext]',
{
loader: 'image-webpack-loader',
query: {
progressive: true,
optimizationLevel: 7,
interlaced: false,
pngquant: {
quality: '65-90',
speed: 4 }
}
}
],
},
]
},
plugins:[new htmlWebpackPlugin({
filename:'index.html',
template:'index.html',
inject:'body',
title:'首页',
}),
]
}postcss.config.js(webpack2.0使用css添加前缀，看官网更好)
module.exports = {
plugins: {'autoprefixer': {},
}
}
项目文件:
index.html
76c82f278ac045591c9159d381de2c57 9fd01892b579bba0c343404bcccd70fb 93f0f5c25f18dab9d176bd4f6de5d30e a80eb7cbb6fff8b0ff70bae37074b813 b2386ffb911b14667cb8f0f91ea547a7b117db1e758d052658df59e7f5f7bf5b6e916e0f7d1e588d4f442bf645aedb2f 9c3bca370b5104690d9ef395f2c5f8d1 6c04bd5ca3fcae76e30b72ad730ca86d 14b906b21af908553f6b091b3cf91e7c ab509c080ec9f7ec77efedb1cdcd4bed16b28748ea4df4d9c2150843fecfba68 b343057c359ec3a6597b96697625e2ae 36cc49f0c466276486e50c850b7e4956 73a6ac4ed44ffec12cee46588e518a5e
app.js
import './css/common.css';
import Layer from './components/layer/layer.js';
const App = function(){var dom = document.getElementById('app');var lay = new Layer();
dom.innerHTML=lay.tpl;
}new App();
layer.js
import './layer.less'import tpl from './layer.html'function layer(){return {
name:'layer',
tpl: tpl
}
}
export default layer;以上是关于webpack的详细介绍的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章！
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