异常信息如下:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
原因:服务器的证书不被信任。一般是这样造成的。
使用KEYTOOL工具创建证书,然后用TOMCAT启动后,在浏览器打开网站时,会出现证书不被信任的提示。当然,利用HTTPCLIENT向服务端HTTPS发送数据时,HTTPCLIENT也会检测服务端的证书是否被信任,不被信任就抛出上面的异常。
解决办法有两种,一种是使证书被客户端信任。另一种是使用HTTPCLIENT发送数据时不检测服务器证书是否可信。
第一种办法,使证书被信任。
找正规CA签发证书,或者自己签发证书(只能那一台客户机上可信)。找正规CA签发证书就不说了,自己签发证书呢,见我的其他文章。
我发现,自己签名的证书弄好之后,从客户端打开服务端地址时,不再提示上面的错误,但是还是不能发送数据。原因是什么呢?因为那台证书在客户端操作系统上可信,但是在JAVA的KEYSTORE里不可信,要把服务端的证书导入KEYSTORE库中
导入办法:
打开命令行窗口,并到63b3ee7e72479f6360d4c7e4b3af780a\lib\security\ 目录下,运行下面的命令:
keytool -import -noprompt -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit -alias yourEntry1 -file your.cer
最后一个是服务端导出的证书,其他可以默认。
要注意的是,如果客户端电脑上装有许多个JAVA版本,要确定你导入的证书的JAVA版本是你TOMCAT使用的那个,一般TOMCAT使用的是环境变量指向的那个JAVA版本。
如果是在ECLIPSE中建立的TOMCAT服务器,新建时会要你选择默认JRE还是指向的JAVA,这里一定要选指向刚才导入的那个JAVA的路径,不然,你导入的证书库也没效果。
第二种办法,使用HTTPCLIENT时不检测服务器证书是否可信
扩展HttpClient 类实现自动接受证书
因为这种方法自动接收所有证书,因此存在一定的安全问题,所以在使用这种方法前请仔细考虑您的系统的安全需求。具体的步骤如下:
•提供一个自定义的socket factory (test.MySecureProtocolSocketFactory )。这个自定义的类必须实现接口org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory ,在实现接口的类中调用自定义的X509TrustManager(test.MyX509TrustManager) ,这两个类可以在随本文带的附件中得到
•创建一个org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol 的实例,指定协议名称和默认的端口号
Protocol myhttps = new Protocol("https", new MySecureProtocolSocketFactory (), 443);
•注册刚才创建的https 协议对象
Protocol.registerProtocol("https ", myhttps);
•然后按照普通编程 方式打开https 的目标地址,代码如下:
MySecureProtocolSocketFactory.java
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.SocketAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.SocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.ConnectTimeoutException; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory; public class MySecureProtocolSocketFactory implements SecureProtocolSocketFactory { private SSLContext sslcontext = null; private SSLContext createSSLContext() { SSLContext sslcontext=null; try { sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL"); sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new TrustAnyTrustManager()}, new java.security.SecureRandom()); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return sslcontext; } private SSLContext getSSLContext() { if (this.sslcontext == null) { this.sslcontext = createSSLContext(); } return this.sslcontext; } public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException { return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket( socket, host, port, autoClose ); } public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException, UnknownHostException { return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket( host, port ); } public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress clientHost, int clientPort) throws IOException, UnknownHostException { return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port, clientHost, clientPort); } public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort, HttpConnectionParams params) throws IOException, UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException { if (params == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameters may not be null"); } int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout(); SocketFactory socketfactory = getSSLContext().getSocketFactory(); if (timeout == 0) { return socketfactory.createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort); } else { Socket socket = socketfactory.createSocket(); SocketAddress localaddr = new InetSocketAddress(localAddress, localPort); SocketAddress remoteaddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port); socket.bind(localaddr); socket.connect(remoteaddr, timeout); return socket; } } //自定义私有类 private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager { public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return new X509Certificate[]{}; } } }