用惯了jquery的同学,相信都很欣赏其动画引擎。确实相对比较完善!如果,如果想像力足够丰富的话,相信可以做出超出想像的效果。当然,跟2d库比起来,还是相差相当一段距离。jquery压根也不是专门为动画而设计的。模拟真实世界方面,还是不足的。但在web世界里还是游刃有余的。动画其实一直是flash的专属领地(web区哉)。只是它常常沦为黑客攻击的漏洞所在,而且要装插件,有时候文件实在太大,而且性耗实在是高啊。html5出现后,其实adobe自己都转移阵地到html5了。当然,我觉得很长一段时间内,flash是不会被放弃的。
长话短说,步入正题。仿照flash的动画原理,自己写了一个非常简单的js动画引擎。
首先,用过flash的同学都知道。flash有个时间线,上面布满了“帧”。其实每个帧都是一个镜头,镜头连贯起来就是一副动画效果。其实,这跟电影的原理也一样的,小时候玩过胶片的都知道,对着光可以看到一副副的镜头。人眼分辨两个画面的连贯是有时间限度的。如果想看不到两个画面变换时的闪烁大概30帧/秒左右,电影是24帧的。所以,如果能保证,动画切换能保证每秒30次,基本上,就做到了动画的流畅效果,但是这取决环境。所以具体情况,具体而定,其实关于这方面的知识我也是一知半解。就这个动画引擎而言,了解这么多也差不多足够了,有兴趣可以查找相关知识!
下面开始说说设计原理。
首先需要一个帧频,也就是多少帧每秒。如果有了总用时,就可以计算出整个动画下来有多少个“画面”(总帧数)。这种设计,显然有个不足的地方,不能保证时间正好是个整数帧。除非1ms一帧。这是一个网友提出来的,我感觉不好就没有采用。所以这个引擎是有时间误差的。有了总帧数,当动画运行到最后一帧的时候,整个动画也就播放完。如果需要重复播放,重新把当前帧归0。这种动画有一个好处,就可以直接运行到指定帧。也就是flash里的gotoAndStop和gotoAndPlay。其实整个动画设计原理都是照着flash实现的。包括一个很重要的方法:enterFrame。位置就是根据进入当前帧来计算的。还有其它一些方法:stop、play、next......等等因为目前来说,这个引擎是写非常简单和粗糙的,先不说这么详细了。下面先上代码和示例吧!
animate.js 动画核心
animation.prototype = {
fps: 36,
init: function(props, duration, tween) {
//console.log('初始化');
this.curframe = 0;
this.initstate = {};
this.props = props;
this.duration = duration || 1000;
this.tween = tween || function(t, b, c, d) {
return t * c / d + b;
};
this.frames = Math.ceil(this.duration * this.fps/1000);
for (var prop in this.props) {
this.initstate[prop] = {
from: parseFloat($util.dom.getStyle(this.obj, prop)),
to: parseFloat(this.props[prop])
};
}
},
start: function() {
if (!this.running && this.hasNext()) {
//console.log('可以执行...');
this.ms.shift().call(this)
}
return this;
},
//开始播放
play: function(callback) {
//console.log('开始动画!');
var that = this;
this.running = true;
if (this.timmer) {
this.stop();
}
this.timmer = setInterval(function() {
if (that.complete()) {
that.stop();
that.running = false;
if (callback) {
callback.call(that);
}
return;
}
that.curframe++;
that.enterFrame.call(that);
},
/ this.fps);
return this;
},
// 停止动画
stop: function() {
//console.log('结束动画!');
if (this.timmer) {
clearInterval(this.timmer);
// 清除掉timmer id
this.timmer = undefined;
}
},
go: function(props,uration, tween) {
var that = this;
//console.log(tween)
this.ms.push(function() {
that.init.call(that、props、duration、tween);
that.play.call(that, that.start);
});
返回此;
},
// 平滑一帧
next: function() {
this.stop();
this.curframe ;
this.curframe = this.curframe >;这个.frames? this.frames: this.curframe;
this.enterFrame.call(this);
},
//向前一帧
prev: function() {
this.stop( );
this.curframe--;
this.curframe = this.curframe this.enterFrame.call(this);
},
// 跳转到指定帧并播放
gotoAndPlay: function(frame) {
this.stop ();
this.curframe = frame;
this.play.call(this);
},
//跳到指定帧停止播放
gotoAndStop: function(frame) {
this.stop();
this.curframe = frame;
this.enterFrame.call(this);
},
//进入帧动作
EnterFrame: function( ) {
//console.log('进入帧:' this.curframe)
var ds;
for (var prop in this.initstate) {
//console.log('from : ' this.initstate[prop]['from'])
ds = this.tween(this.curframe, this.initstate[prop]['from'], this.initstate[prop]['to'] - this.initstate[prop]['from'], this.frames).toFixed(2);
//console.log(prop ':' ds)
$util.dom.setStyle(this. obj, prop, ds)
}
},
//动画结束
complete: function() {
return this.curframe >= this.frames;
},
hasNext: function() {
return this.ms.length >; 0;
}
}
util.js
//complete version
ver: null
};
// 浏览器
var browser = {
//browsers
ie: 0,
firefox: 0,
safari: 0,
konq: 0,
opera: 0,
chrome: 0,
//specific version
ver: null
};
// 客户端平台platform/device/OS
var system = {
win: false,
mac: false,
x11: false,
//移动设备
iphone: false,
ipod: false,
ipad: false,
ios: false,
android: false,
nokiaN: false,
winMobile: false,
//game systems
wii: false,
ps: false
};
// 检测浏览器引擎
var ua = navigator.userAgent;
if (window.opera){
engine.ver = browser.ver = window.opera.version();
engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver);
} else if (/AppleWebKit/(S )/.test(ua)){
engine.ver = RegExp["$1"];
engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver);
//判断是 Chrome 还是 Safari
if (/Chrome/(S )/.test(ua)){
browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
browser.chrome = parseFloat(browser.ver);
} else if (/Version/(S )/.test(ua)){
browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
browser.safari = parseFloat(browser.ver);
} else {
// 大概版本
var safariVersion = 1;
if (engine.webkit
100){
safariVersion = 1;
} else if (engine.webkit safariVersion = 1.2;
} else if (engine.webkit safariVersion = 1.3;
} else {
safariVersion = 2;
}
browser.safari = browser.ver = safariVersion;
}
} else if (/KHTML/(S )/.test(ua) || /Konqueror/([^;] )/.test(ua)){
engine.ver = browser .ver = RegExp["$1"];
engine.khtml = browser.konq = parseFloat(engine.ver);
} else if (/rv:([^)] )) Gecko/d{8 }/.test(ua)){
engine.ver = RegExp["$1"];
engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver);
// 判断是否为 Firefox
if (/Firefox/(S )/.test(ua)){
browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
browser.firefox = parseFloat(browser.ver);
}
} else if (/MSIE ([^;] )/.test(ua)){
engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
engine.ie = 浏览器。 ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); }
//detect browsers
browser.ie = engine.ie;
browser.opera = engine.opera;
//detect platform
var p = navigator.platform;
system.win = p.indexOf("Win") == 0;
system.mac = p.indexOf("Mac") == 0;
system.x11 = (p == "X11") || (p.indexOf("Linux") == 0);
//检测 Windows 操作系统
if (system.win){
if (/Win(?:dows )?([^do]{2})s?(d .d )?/ .test(ua)){
if (RegExp["$1"] == "NT"){
switch(RegExp["$2"]){
case "5.0":
系统.win = "2000";
中断;
案例 "5.1":
system.win = "XP";
中断;
case "6.0":
system.win = "Vista";
中断;
案例 "6.1":
system.win = "7";
中断;
默认:
system.win = "NT";
休息;
}
} else if (RegExp["$1"] == "9x"){
系统。 win = "ME";
} else {
system.win = RegExp[ "$1"];
}
}
}
//移动设备
system.iphone = ua.indexOf("iPhone") >; -1;
system.ipod = ua.indexOf("iPod") > -1;
system.ipad = ua.indexOf("iPad") > -1;
system.nokiaN = ua.indexOf("NokiaN") > -1;
//windows mobile
if (system.win == "CE"){
system.winMobile = system.win;
} else if (system.win == "Ph"){
if(/Windows Phone OS (\d+.\d+)/.test(ua)){;
system.win = "Phone";
system.winMobile = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]);
}
}
//determine iOS version
if (system.mac && ua.indexOf("Mobile") > -1){
if (/CPU (?:iPhone )?OS (\d+_\d+)/.test(ua)){
system.ios = parseFloat(RegExp.$1.replace("_", "."));
} else {
system.ios = 2; //can't really detect - so guess
}
}
//determine Android version
if (/Android (\d+\.\d+)/.test(ua)){
system.android = parseFloat(RegExp.$1);
}
//gaming systems
system.wii = ua.indexOf("Wii") > -1;
system.ps = /playstation/i.test(ua);
//return it
return {
engine: engine,
browser: browser,
system: system
};
}(),
/**
*Tween 缓动相关
*/
补间:{
线性:函数(t, b, c, d) {
return c * t / d b;
},
四边形:{
easeIn: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c * (t /= d) * t b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return - c * (t /= d) * (t - 2) b;
},
escapeInOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
if ((t /= d / 2) return - c / 2 * ((--t) * (t - 2) - 1) b;
}
},
三次: {
easeIn: 函数(t, b, c, d) {
return c * (t /= d) * t * t b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c * ((t = t / d - 1) * t * t 1) b;
},
easeInOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
if ((t /= d / 2) return c / 2 * ((t -= 2) * t * t 2) b;
}
},
Quart: {
easyIn: function(t, b, 、c、 d){
返回c *(t /= d) * t * t * t * t b;
> sieleout:function(t,b,b,c,d){返回-c * ((t = t / d - 1) * t * t * t - 1) b;
},
easeInOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
if ((t / = d/2) return - c / 2 * ((t -= 2) * t * t * t - 2) b;
}
} ,
五元组: {
easeIn: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c * (t /= d) * t * t * t * t b;
},
escapeOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c * ((t = t / d - 1) * t * t * t * t 1) b;
},
easeInOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
if ((t /= d / 2) return c / 2 * ((t -= 2) * t * t * t * t 2) b;
}
},
正弦:{
easyIn :函数(t, b, c, d) {
return - c * Math.cos(t / d * (Math.PI / 2)) c b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c * Math.sin(t / d * (Math.PI / 2)) b;
},
escapeInOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return - c / 2 * (Math.cos(Math.PI * t / d) - 1) b;
}
},
博览会: {
easyIn: function(t, b , c, d) {
返回 (t == 0) ? b: c * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t / d - 1)) b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return (t = = d) ? b c: c * ( - Math.pow(2, -10 * t / d) 1) b;
},
easeInOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
if (t == 0) return b;
if (t == d) return b c;
if ((t /= d / 2) return c / 2 * ( - Math.pow(2, -10 * --t) 2) b;
}
},
循环: {
easeIn: function(t, b, c, d) {
return - c * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t /= d) * t) - 1) b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c * Math.sqrt(1 - (t = t / d - 1) * t) b;
},
easeInOut : 函数(t, b, c, d) {
if ((t /= d / 2) return c / 2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t -= 2) * t) 1) b;
}
},
弹性: {
easeIn: function(t, b, c, d, a, p) {
if (t == 0) return b;
if ((t /= d ) == 1) return b c;
if (!p) p = d * .3;
if (!a || a a = c;
var s = p / 4;
} else var s = p / (2 * Math.PI) * Math.asin(c / a);
return - (a * Math.pow(2) , 10 * (t -= 1)) * Math.sin((t * d - s) * (2 * Math.PI) / p)) b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d, a, p) {
if (t == 0) return b;
if ((t /= d) == 1) return b c;
if (!p) p = d * .3;
if (!a || a a = c;
var s = p / 4;
} 其他变量s = p / (2 * Math.PI) * Math.asin(c / a);
return (a * Math.pow(2, -10 * t) * Math.sin((t * d - s) ) * (2 * Math.PI) / p) c b);
},
easeInOut: function(t, b, c, d, a, p) {
if (t == 0) return b;
if ((t /= d / 2) == 2) return b c;
if (!p) p = d * (.3 * 1.5);
if (!a | |一个 a = c;
var s = p / 4;
} else var s = p / (2 * Math.PI) * Math.asin(c / a );
if (t return a * Math.pow(2, -10 * (t -= 1)) * Math.sin((t * d - s) * (2 * Math .PI) / p) * .5 c b;
}
},
返回: {
easyIn: function(t, b, c, d, s) {
if ( s ==未定义) s = 1.70158;
return c * (t /= d) * t * ((s 1) * t - s) b;
},
easeOut: function(t, b, c, d, s) {
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
return c * ((t = t / d - 1) * t * ((s 1) * t s) 1) b;
},
easeInOut: function(t, b, c, d, s) {
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158 ;
if ((t /= d / 2) return c / 2 * ((t -= 2) * t * (((s *= (1.525)) 1) * t s) 2) b;
}
},
反弹: {
easeIn: function(t, b, c, d) {
return c - Tween.Bounce.easeOut(d - t, 0, c, d) b;
},
easeOut:函数(t,b,c,d){
> if(((t / = d)<(1 / 2.75)){
返回c *(7.5625 * t * t * t)b;
} else if (t return c * (7.5625 * (t -= (1.5 / 2.75)) * t .75) b;
} else if (t return c * (7.5625 * (t -= (2.25 / 2.75)) * t .9375) b;
} else {
返回 c * (7.5625 * (t - = (2.625 / 2.75)) * t .984375) b;
}
},
escapeInOut: 函数(t, b, c, d) {
如果 (t 否则返回 Tween.Bounce.easeOut(t * 2 - d, 0, c, d) * .5 c * .5 b;
}
}
}
}
下面是个应用: