掌握 React 路由：应用程序导航完整指南

1. React Router 简介

React Router 是一个用于在 React 应用程序中处理路由的库。它允许您的应用程序在不同的组件和视图之间导航，而无需重新加载整页，从而实现无缝的用户体验。

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2. 基本设置

首先安装react-router-dom：

npm install react-router-dom

使用 BrowserRouter、Routes 和 Route 设置基本路由：

import React from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

const Home = () => <h2>Home</h2>;
const About = () => <h2>About</h2>;

const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <nav>
        <Link to="/">Home</Link>
        <Link to="/about">About</Link>
      </nav>

      <Routes>
        <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
        <Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
      </Routes>
    </Router>
  );
};

export default App;

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3. 嵌套路由

对于更复杂的应用程序，您可以嵌套路由。以下是如何在父组件中设置嵌套路由：

import React from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

const Dashboard = () => <h2>Dashboard Home</h2>;
const Profile = () => <h2>Your Profile</h2>;

const DashboardLayout = () => {
  return (
    <div>
      <nav>
        <Link to="/dashboard">Home</Link>
        <Link to="/dashboard/profile">Profile</Link>
      </nav>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/" element={<Dashboard />} />
        <Route path="profile" element={<Profile />} />
      </Routes>
    </div>
  );
};

const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/dashboard/*" element={<DashboardLayout />} />
      </Routes>
    </Router>
  );
};

export default App;

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4. 动态路由

动态路由允许您在 URL 中传递参数。以下是定义和访问动态路线的方法：

import { useParams } from 'react-router-dom';

const User = () => {
  const { id } = useParams();
  return <h2>User ID: {id}</h2>;
};

const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <nav>
        <Link to="/user/1">User 1</Link>
        <Link to="/user/2">User 2</Link>
      </nav>

      <Routes>
        <Route path="/user/:id" element={<User />} />
      </Routes>
    </Router>
  );
};

export default App;

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5. 受保护路线

要实现受保护的路由，您可以创建自定义 PrivateRoute 组件：

import { Navigate, Outlet } from 'react-router-dom';

const useAuth = () => {
  const user = { loggedIn: true }; // Replace with actual auth logic
  return user && user.loggedIn;
};

const PrivateRoute = () => {
  const isAuth = useAuth();
  return isAuth ? <Outlet /> : <Navigate to="/login" />;
};

const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/login" element={<Login />} />
        <Route path="/dashboard" element={<PrivateRoute />}>
          <Route path="" element={<Dashboard />} />
        </Route>
      </Routes>
    </Router>
  );
};

export default App;

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6. 程序化导航

有时，您可能希望以编程方式导航，例如在提交表单后。在 React Router v6 中使用 useNavigate 钩子：

import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';

const Login = () => {
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  const handleLogin = () => {
    // Login logic here...
    navigate('/dashboard');
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Login</h2>
      <button onClick={handleLogin}>Login</button>
    </div>
  );
};

export default Login;

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7. 404 页

通过创建包罗万象的路由来处理 404（未找到）错误：

const NotFound = () => <h2>404 - Page Not Found</h2>;

const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
        <Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
        <Route path="*" element={<NotFound />} />
      </Routes>
    </Router>
  );
};

export default App;

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8. 性能考虑因素

对于大型应用程序，延迟加载路由可以提高性能。以下是如何使用 React.lazy() 和 Suspense 实现延迟加载：

import React, { Suspense, lazy } from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom';

const Home = lazy(() => import('./Home'));
const About = lazy(() => import('./About'));

const App = () => {
  return (
    <Router>
      <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
        <Routes>
          <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
          <Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
        </Routes>
      </Suspense>
    </Router>
  );
};

export default App;

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