原型链是 JavaScript 中建立对象之间层次关系的基本机制。它允许对象从其原型对象继承属性和方法,从而创建继承链。
创建新对象时,它会继承其原型对象的属性和方法。这个原型可以有自己的原型,依此类推,形成原型链。通过遍历这条链,对象可以访问链中更高层定义的属性和方法。
原型链有几个目的:
原型链在前端和后端 JavaScript 环境中的行为相似。但是,有一些细微的差异需要考虑:
前端: 在网络浏览器中,全局对象是 window
,它充当原型链的根。所有在浏览器窗口中创建的对象都继承自 window
。window
, which acts as the root of the prototype chain. All objects created in the browser window inherit from window
.
Backend: In backend environments like Node.js, the global object is different and is typically an instance of the Object
class. Objects created in a Node.js application inherit from the Object
class.
You can manipulate the prototype chain to customize and extend objects through the following methods:
1. Adding Properties and Methods: You can add new properties and methods to a prototype object, which will be inherited by all instances created from that prototype.
2. Overriding Properties and Methods: If an object has a property or method with the same name as a property or method defined in its prototype chain, the object's own property or method takes precedence, effectively overriding the inherited one.
3. Accessing Prototype Properties and Methods: You can use the Object.getPrototypeOf()
method to access the prototype object of an instance, and then use dot notation or bracket notation to access the inherited properties and methods.
4. Changing the Prototype Object: You can assign a new prototype object to an existing object using the Object.setPrototypeOf()
Object 的实例代码>类。 Node.js 应用程序中创建的对象继承自 <code>Object
类。🎜🎜如何操作原型链来自定义或扩展 JavaScript 中的对象?🎜🎜您可以操作原型链来自定义和扩展通过以下方法获取对象:🎜🎜🎜1.添加属性和方法:🎜 您可以向原型对象添加新的属性和方法,该原型对象将被从该原型创建的所有实例继承。🎜🎜🎜2.重写属性和方法:🎜 如果一个对象的属性或方法与其原型链中定义的属性或方法同名,则该对象自己的属性或方法优先,有效地重写继承的属性或方法。🎜🎜🎜3.访问原型属性和方法:🎜 您可以使用 Object.getPrototypeOf()
方法来访问实例的原型对象,然后使用点表示法或方括号表示法来访问继承的属性和方法。🎜 🎜🎜4.更改原型对象:🎜 您可以使用 Object.setPrototypeOf()
方法将新的原型对象分配给现有对象。这允许您在运行时动态更改对象的继承。🎜以上是JS 原型链详解的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章!