适合初学者的 10 个基本 Windows 命令

您是否曾经觉得浏览 Windows 系统就像一场永无休止的寻宝游戏？您点击无数的菜单和文件夹，只是想找到一个文件或设置。这就是这些命令的用武之地。这就像有一条秘密的捷径可以更快地完成工作。掌握这 10 个基本 Windows 命令，您不仅可以简化工作流程，还可以激发您内心的黑客精神。

本文列出的所有命令都可以在命令提示符和 PowerShell 中使用。

1 cd：轻松更改目录

浏览 Windows 文件系统不一定是迷宫。 cd（更改目录）命令可以轻松地在目录中移动。

要使用该命令，只需键入 cd ，然后键入要导航到的目录。需要从主目录快速跳转到“文档”文件夹？输入此命令：

cd Documents

或者也许您想升一级；您可以输入 cd .. 这将使您返回到上一个目录。如果您需要快速浏览不同的目录，这会很有用。

您还可以通过提供从根目录开始的完整路径来导航到特定路径，无论您身在何处。请记住使用正确的语法和拼写。要导航到 System32 目录，请键入以下命令：

cd C: WindowsSystem32

这一切都是为了使您的文件系统更易于访问。要更深入地了解在 Windows 上更改目录，请了解如何在 Windows 10 上的命令提示符中更改目录。

2 dir：列出目录内容

您想在不打开文件夹的情况下查看文件夹内的内容吗？ dir（目录）命令就是您的答案。它列出了终端中的所有文件和目录。只需输入 dir 即可获取当前目录中所有内容的列表。

如果您输入 dir /a 您可以看到目录中显示的所有文件和文件夹，包括隐藏的文件和文件夹。

在输入命令时使用 Tab 键自动补全文件和目录名称，节省时间并减少错误。

3 mkdir：创建新目录

使用 mkdir（创建目录）命令快速组织文件。在任意位置创建新文件夹。创建新文件夹就像键入以下命令一样简单：

mkdir NewFolder

此命令是保持系统井井有条的好方法。

如果你想一次性创建一个嵌套的目录结构，可以使用 mkdir abc 命令。该命令将创建目录“a”，并在“a”内创建目录“b”，并在“b”内创建目录“c”。这是使用单个命令设置多层目录的便捷方法，而不必单独创建每个目录。

4 rmdir：删除目录

你有不需要的空文件夹吗？ rmdir（删除目录）命令会处理它。但如果它不为空，则需要采用不同的方法。要删除空目录，只需键入：

rmdir NewFolder

要删除目录及其中的所有内容，请使用 rmdir /s NewFolder 命令。

请小心第二个，并确保您真的希望一切都消失。

使用 mkdir 或 rmdir 命令时，如果操作成功，您将不会看到任何确认消息。要确保目录已创建或删除，可以使用 dir 命令列出当前目录的内容。如果操作成功，新目录将相应地从列表中出现或消失。

If you need more information on a specific command, simply enter help followed by the command. For example, if you need more information on the rmdir command, type the help rmdir command.

5 del: Delete Files

Do you need to delete a file? The del command will do it. Use it wisely because once it's gone, it's gone (sort of). Deleted files on hard drives aren't immediately erased, while on solid-state drives, the data may be wiped more quickly.

To delete a file, type the command del followed by the file(s) you want to delete. For example, to delete file.txt, type this:

del file.txt

It’s a powerful command, so handle it with care.

The del command doesn't print anything in response to its use, which might surprise you. Once you run the command, the file will be deleted silently. You can verify that the file has been deleted by using the dir command to check the contents of the directory where the file was located.

6 copy: Copy Files to Another Location

Do you want to back up your files? The copy command makes duplicating files a breeze. To copy file.txt to the C:Backup folder, type the following:

copy file.txt C:Backup

By using the wildcard symbol "*" followed by the file extension, you can copy all files with the same extension. For example, to copy all text files to the C:Backup directory, you use this command:

copy * .txt C:Backup

Press F7 to view and select from your command history. This allows you to easily re-run previous commands without retyping them.

7 move: Move Files to a New Location

Are you reorganizing your files? The move command lets you move files around on Windows without having to copy them to a new location. To move a file, use the move command followed by the filename and, finally, the location where you want it moved.

As an example, to move file.txt to the C:Backup folder, type this command:

move file.txt C:Backup

8 type: Display the Contents of a Text File

Do you want to peek inside a text file without opening it? The type command displays its contents right in the terminal. This can be done by entering type followed by the text file you want to read. To read file.txt, use this command:

type file.txt

The cls command clears all text from the terminal screen, giving you a clean slate to work from.

9 systeminfo: View System Information

The systeminfo command provides an overview of your Windows system, perfect for troubleshooting or satisfying your curiosity. It displays information such as the operating system version, processor type, and installed RAM. It also includes details about the computer's network configuration.

10 tree: Display Directory Structure

The tree command displays a graphical representation of the directory structure of a drive or path. It's a handy way to see the layout of your files and folders. To see the structure of the Users directory, type this command:

tree C:Users

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So there you have it: 10 basic Windows commands for beginners that will make you feel like a computer whiz. Practice these commands, and you'll soon be navigating, managing, and troubleshooting your Windows system with ease. Keep exploring, keep experimenting, and watch your command-line skills grow.

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