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Spring Boot 介面資料加解密就該這樣設計~

王林
王林轉載
2023-05-13 10:58:05925瀏覽

今天這篇文章聊一聊介面安全問題,牽涉到介面的加密、解密。

Spring Boot 接口数据加解密就该这样设计~

和產品、前端同學對外需求後,梳理了相關技術方案, 主要的需求點如下:

    ##盡量少改動,不影響之前的業務邏輯;
  • 考慮到時間緊迫性,可採用對稱性加密方式,服務需要對接安卓、IOS、H5三端,另外考慮到H5端儲存金鑰安全性相對來說會低一些,故分針對H5和安卓、IOS分配兩套密鑰;
  • 要兼容低版本的接口,後面新開發的接口可不用兼容;
  • 接口有GET和POST兩種接口,需要都要進行加解密;
需求解析:

    服務端、客戶端和H5統一攔截加解密,網上有成熟方案,也可以依其他服務中實現的加解密流程來搞;
  • 使用AES放鬆加密,考慮到H5端儲存金鑰安全性相對來說會低一些,故分針對H5和安卓、IOS分配兩套金鑰;
  • 本次涉及客戶端和服務端的整體改造,經討論,新介面統一加上/secret/ 前綴來區分
  • ##按本次需求來簡單還原問題,定義兩個對象,後面用得著,

使用者類別:

@Data
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private UserType userType = UserType.COMMON;
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
private LocalDateTime registerTime;
}

使用者類型枚舉類別:

@Getter
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.OBJECT)
public enum UserType {
VIP("VIP用户"),
COMMON("普通用户");
private String code;
private String type;

UserType(String type) {
this.code = name();
this.type = type;
}
}

建構一個簡單的使用者清單查詢範例:

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = {"/user", "/secret/user"})
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/list")
ResponseEntity<List<User>> listUser() {
List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
User u = new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("boyka");
u.setRegisterTime(LocalDateTime.now());
u.setUserType(UserType.COMMON);
users.add(u);
ResponseEntity<List<User>> response = new ResponseEntity<>();
response.setCode(200);
response.setData(users);
response.setMsg("用户列表查询成功");
return response;
}
}

呼叫:localhost:8080/user/list

查詢結果如下,沒毛病:

{
 "code": 200,
 "data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"userType": {
 "code": "COMMON",
 "type": "普通用户"
},
"registerTime": "2022-03-24 23:58:39"
 }],
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功"
}

目前主要利用ControllerAdvice來對請求和回應體進行攔截,主要定義SecretRequestAdvice對請求進行加密和SecretResponseAdvice對回應進行加密(實際情況會稍微複雜一點,專案中又GET類型請求,自訂了一個Filter進行不同的請求解密處理)。

好了,網路上的ControllerAdvice使用範例非常多,我這把兩個核心方法給大家展示看看,相信大佬們一看就曉得了,不需多言。上碼:

SecretRequestAdvice請求解密:

@ControllerAdvice
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Slf4j
public class SecretRequestAdvice extends RequestBodyAdviceAdapter {
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass){
return true;
}

@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException {
//如果支持加密消息,进行消息解密。
String httpBody;
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.get())) {
httpBody = decryptBody(inputMessage);
} else {
httpBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputMessage.getBody(), Charset.defaultCharset());
}
//返回处理后的消息体给messageConvert
return new SecretHttpMessage(new ByteArrayInputStream(httpBody.getBytes()), inputMessage.getHeaders());
}

/**
 * 解密消息体
 *
 * @param inputMessage 消息体
 * @return 明文
 */
private String decryptBody(HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException {
InputStream encryptStream = inputMessage.getBody();
String requestBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(encryptStream, Charset.defaultCharset());
// 验签过程
HttpHeaders headers = inputMessage.getHeaders();
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("clientType"))
|| CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("timestamp"))
|| CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("salt"))
|| CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("signature"))) {
throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "请求解密参数错误,clientType、timestamp、salt、signature等参数传递是否正确传递");
}

String timestamp = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("timestamp")).get(0));
String salt = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("salt")).get(0));
String signature = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("signature")).get(0));
String privateKey = SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.get();
ReqSecret reqSecret = JSON.parseObject(requestBody, ReqSecret.class);
String data = reqSecret.getData();
String newSignature = "";
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(privateKey)) {
newSignature = Md5Utils.genSignature(timestamp + salt + data + privateKey);
}
if (!newSignature.equals(signature)) {
// 验签失败
throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "验签失败,请确认加密方式是否正确");
}

try {
String decrypt = EncryptUtils.aesDecrypt(data, privateKey);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(decrypt)) {
decrypt = "{}";
}
return decrypt;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("error: ", e);
}
throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "解密失败");
}
}

SecretResponseAdvice回應加密:

@ControllerAdvice
public class SecretResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SecretResponseAdvice.class);

@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class aClass){
return true;
}

@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object o, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class aClass, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse){
// 判断是否需要加密
Boolean respSecret = SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.get();
String secretKey = SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.get();
// 清理本地缓存
SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.remove();
SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.remove();
if (null != respSecret && respSecret) {
if (o instanceof ResponseBasic) {
// 外层加密级异常
if (SECRET_API_ERROR == ((ResponseBasic) o).getCode()) {
return SecretResponseBasic.fail(((ResponseBasic) o).getCode(), ((ResponseBasic) o).getData(), ((ResponseBasic) o).getMsg());
}
// 业务逻辑
try {
String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o), secretKey);
// 增加签名
long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
int salt = EncryptUtils.genSalt();
String dataNew = timestamp + "" + salt + "" + data + secretKey;
String newSignature = Md5Utils.genSignature(dataNew);
return SecretResponseBasic.success(data, timestamp, salt, newSignature);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("beforeBodyWrite error:", e);
return SecretResponseBasic.fail(SECRET_API_ERROR, "", "服务端处理结果数据异常");
}
}
}
return o;
}
}

OK, 程式碼Demo擼好了,試運行一波:

请求方法:
localhost:8080/secret/user/list

header:
Content-Type:application/json
signature:55efb04a83ca083dd1e6003cde127c45
timestamp:1648308048
salt:123456
clientType:ANDORID

body体:
// 原始请求体
{
 "page": 1,
 "size": 10
}
// 加密后的请求体
{
 "data": "1ZBecdnDuMocxAiW9UtBrJzlvVbueP9K0MsIxQccmU3OPG92oRinVm0GxBwdlXXJ"
}

// 加密响应体:
{
"data": "fxHYvnIE54eAXDbErdrDryEsIYNvsOOkyEKYB1iBcre/QU1wMowHE2BNX/je6OP3NlsCtAeDqcp7J1N332el8q2FokixLvdxAPyW5Un9JiT0LQ3MB8p+nN23pTSIvh9VS92lCA8KULWg2nViSFL5X1VwKrF0K/dcVVZnpw5h227UywP6ezSHjHdA+Q0eKZFGTEv3IzNXWqq/otx5fl1gKQ==",
"code": 200,
"signature": "aa61f19da0eb5d99f13c145a40a7746b",
"msg": "",
"timestamp": 1648480034,
"salt": 632648
}

// 解密后的响应体:
{
 "code": 200,
 "data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"registerTime": "2022-03-27T00:19:43.699",
"userType": "COMMON"
 }],
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功",
 "salt": 0
}

OK,客戶端請求加密-》發起請求-》服務端解密-》業務處理-》服務端響應加密-》客戶端解密展示,看起來沒啥問題,實際上是頭天下午花了2小時碰需求,差不多花1小時寫好demo測試,然後對所有接口統一進行了處理,整體一下午趕腳應該行了吧,告訴H5和安卓端同學明兒上午聯調(不小的大家到這個時候發現貓膩沒有,當時確實疏忽了,翻了大車......)

次日,安卓端反饋,你這個加解密有問題,解密後的數據格式和之前不一樣,仔細一看,擦,這個userType和registerTime是不對勁,開始思考:這個能是哪裡的問題呢? 1s之後,初步定位,應該是響應體的JSON.toJSONString的問題:

String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o)),

Debug斷點調試,果然,是JSON.toJSONString(o)這一步驟轉換出了問題,那麼JSON轉換時是不是有高階屬性可以配置產生想要的序列化格式呢? FastJson在序列化時提供重載方法,找到其中一個"SerializerFeature"參數可以琢磨一下,這個參數是可以對序列化進行配置的,它提供了很多配置類型,其中感覺這幾個比較沾邊:

WriteEnumUsingToString,
WriteEnumUsingName,
UseISO8601DateFormat

對枚舉型別來說,預設是使用的WriteEnumUsingName(枚舉的Name), 另一種WriteEnumUsingToString是重新toString方法,理論上可以轉換成想要的樣子,即這個樣子:

@Getter
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.OBJECT)
public enum UserType {
VIP("VIP用户"),
COMMON("普通用户");
private String code;
private String type;

UserType(String type) {
this.code = name();
this.type = type;
}

@Override
public String toString(){
return "{" +
""code":"" + name() + '"' +
", "type":"" + type + '"' +
'}';
}
}

結果轉換出來的資料是字串型別"{"code":"COMMON", "type":"一般使用者"}",這個方法好像行不通,還有什麼好方法呢?思前想後,看文章開始定義的User和UserType類,標記資料序列化格式@JsonFormat,再突然想起之前看到過的一些文章,SpringMVC底層預設是使用Jackson進行序列化的,那好了,就用Jacksong實施唄,將SecretResponseAdvice中的序列化方法替換一下:

String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o), secretKey);
 换为:
String data =EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(o), secretKey);

重新運行一波,走起:

{
 "code": 200,
 "data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"userType": {
 "code": "COMMON",
 "type": "普通用户"
},
"registerTime": {
 "month": "MARCH",
 "year": 2022,
 "dayOfMonth": 29,
 "dayOfWeek": "TUESDAY",
 "dayOfYear": 88,
 "monthValue": 3,
 "hour": 22,
 "minute": 30,
 "nano": 453000000,
 "second": 36,
 "chronology": {
"id": "ISO",
"calendarType": "iso8601"
 }
}
 }],
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功"
}

解密後的userType枚舉類型和非加密版本一樣了,舒服了,== 好像還不對,registerTime怎麼變成這樣了?原本是"2022-03-24 23:58:39"這種格式的,網上有很多解決方案,不過用在我們目前這個需求裡面,就是有損改裝了啊,不太可取,遂去Jackson官網上尋找相關文檔,當然Jackson也提供了ObjectMapper的序列化配置,重新初始化配置ObjectMpper物件:

String DATE_TIME_FORMATTER = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder()
.findModulesViaServiceLoader(true)
.serializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(
DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMATTER)))
.deserializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(
DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMATTER)))
.build();

轉換結果:

{
 "code": 200,
 "data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"userType": {
 "code": "COMMON",
 "type": "普通用户"
},
"registerTime": "2022-03-29 22:57:33"
 }],
 "msg": "用户列表查询成功"
}

OK,和非加密版的终于一致了,完了吗?感觉还是可能存在些什么问题,首先业务代码的时间序列化需求不一样,有"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"的,也有"yyyy-MM-dd"的,还可能其他配置思考不到位的,导致和之前非加密版返回数据不一致的问题,到时候联调测出来了也麻烦,有没有一劳永逸的办法呢?哎,这个时候如果你看过 Spring 源码的话,就应该知道spring框架自身是怎么序列化的,照着配置应该就行嘛,好像有点道理,我这里不从0开始分析源码了。

跟着执行链路,找到具体的响应序列化,重点就是RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor,

protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType, ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
// 获取响应的拦截器链并执行beforeBodyWrite方法,也就是执行了我们自定义的SecretResponseAdvice中的beforeBodyWrite啦
body = this.getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType, converter.getClass(), inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (body != null) {
// 执行响应体序列化工作
 if (genericConverter != null) {
genericConverter.write(body, (Type)targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
 } else {
converter.write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
 }
}

进而通过实例化的AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter对象找到执行序列化的核心方法

-> AbstractGenericHttpMessageConverter:
 
 public final void write(T t, @Nullable Type type, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
...
this.writeInternal(t, type, outputMessage);
outputMessage.getBody().flush();
 
}
 -> 找到Jackson序列化 AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter:
 // 从spring容器中获取并设置的ObjectMapper实例
 protected ObjectMapper objectMapper;
 
 protected void writeInternal(Object object, @Nullable Type type, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
JsonEncoding encoding = this.getJsonEncoding(contentType);
JsonGenerator generator = this.objectMapper.getFactory().createGenerator(outputMessage.getBody(), encoding);

this.writePrefix(generator, object);
Object value = object;
Class<?> serializationView = null;
FilterProvider filters = null;
JavaType javaType = null;
if (object instanceof MappingJacksonValue) {
 MappingJacksonValue container = (MappingJacksonValue)object;
 value = container.getValue();
 serializationView = container.getSerializationView();
 filters = container.getFilters();
}

if (type != null && TypeUtils.isAssignable(type, value.getClass())) {
 javaType = this.getJavaType(type, (Class)null);
}

ObjectWriter objectWriter = serializationView != null ? this.objectMapper.writerWithView(serializationView) : this.objectMapper.writer();
if (filters != null) {
 objectWriter = objectWriter.with(filters);
}

if (javaType != null && javaType.isContainerType()) {
 objectWriter = objectWriter.forType(javaType);
}

SerializationConfig config = objectWriter.getConfig();
if (contentType != null && contentType.isCompatibleWith(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM) && config.isEnabled(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT)) {
 objectWriter = objectWriter.with(this.ssePrettyPrinter);
}
// 重点进行序列化
objectWriter.writeValue(generator, value);
this.writeSuffix(generator, object);
generator.flush();
}

那么,可以看出SpringMVC在进行响应序列化的时候是从容器中获取的ObjectMapper实例对象,并会根据不同的默认配置条件进行序列化,那处理方法就简单了,我也可以从Spring容器拿数据进行序列化啊。SecretResponseAdvice进行如下进一步改造:

@ControllerAdvice
public class SecretResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {

@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
 
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(....){
.....
String dataStr =objectMapper.writeValueAsString(o);
String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(dataStr, secretKey);
.....
}
 }

经测试,响应数据和非加密版万全一致啦,还有GET部分的请求加密,以及后面加解密惨遭跨域问题,后面有空再和大家聊聊。

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