本文主要介紹了Vue中之nextTick函數原始碼分析,小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,也給大家做個參考。一起跟著小編過來看看吧,希望能幫助大家。
1. 什麼是Vue.nextTick()?
官方文件解釋如下:
下次DOM更新循環結束後執行的延遲回呼。在修改資料之後立即使用這個方法,取得更新後的DOM。
2. 為什麼要使用nextTick?
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>演示Vue</title> <script src="https://tugenhua0707.github.io/vue/vue1/vue.js"></script> </head> <body> <p id="app"> <template> <p ref="list"> {{name}} </p> </template> </p> <script> new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { name: 'aa' }, mounted() { this.updateData(); }, methods: { updateData() { var self = this; this.name = 'bb'; console.log(this.$el.textContent); // aa this.$nextTick(function(){ console.log(self.$el.textContent); // bb }); } } }); </script> </body> </html>
如上程式碼在頁面檢視上顯示bb,但是當我在控制台列印的時候,取得的文字內容還是aa,但是使用nextTick後,取得的文字內容就是最新的內容bb了,因此在這種情況下,我們可以使用nextTick函數了。
上面的程式碼為什麼要改變this.name = 'bb';後,再使用console.log(this.$el.textContent);列印的值還是aa呢?那是因為設定name的值後,DOM還沒更新到,所以取得值還是之前的值,但是我們放到nextTick函數裡面的時候,程式碼會在DOM更新後執行,因此DOM更新後,再去取得元素的值就可以取得到最新值了。
瞭解DOM更新:在VUE中,當我們修改了data中的某一個值後,並不會立即反應到該el中,vue將對更改的資料放到watcher的一個非同步佇列中,只有在目前任務空閒時才會執行watcher佇列任務,這就有一個延遲時間,因此放到nextTick函數後就可以取得該el的最新值了。如果我們把上面的nextTick改成setTimeout也是可以的。
3. Vue原始碼詳解之nextTick(原始碼在vue/src/core/util/env.js)
在理解nextTick原始碼之前,我們先來理解下html5新增的MutationObserver的API,它的作用是用來監聽DOM變動的接口,它能監聽一個dom物件發生的子節點刪除,屬性修改,文字內容修改等等。
nextTick原始碼如下:
export const nextTick = (function () { const callbacks = [] let pending = false let timerFunc function nextTickHandler () { pending = false; /* 之所以要slice复制一份出来是因为有的cb执行过程中又会往callbacks中加入内容,比如$nextTick的回调函数里又有$nextTick, 那么这些应该放入到下一个轮次的nextTick去执行,所以拷贝一份,遍历完成即可,防止一直循环下去。 */ const copies = callbacks.slice(0) callbacks.length = 0 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { copies[i]() } } // the nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver. // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native // Promise is available, we will use it: /* istanbul ignore if */ /* nextTick行为利用了microtask队列, 先使用 Promise.resolve().then(nextTickHandler)来将异步回调 放入到microtask中,Promise 和 MutationObserver都可以使用,但是 MutationObserver 在IOS9.3以上的 WebView中有bug,因此如果满足第一项的话就可以执行,如果没有原生Promise就用 MutationObserver。 */ if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) { var p = Promise.resolve() var logError = err => { console.error(err) } timerFunc = () => { p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError) // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer. if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop) } } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && ( isNative(MutationObserver) || // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]' )) { // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available, // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4 /* 创建一个MutationObserver,observe监听到DOM改动之后执行的回调 nextTickHandler */ var counter = 1 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter)); // 使用MutationObserver的接口,监听文本节点的字符内容 observer.observe(textNode, { characterData: true }); /* 每次执行timerFunc函数都会让文本节点的内容在0/1之间切换,切换之后将新赋值到那个我们MutationObserver监听的文本节点上去。 */ timerFunc = () => { counter = (counter + 1) % 2 textNode.data = String(counter) } } else { // fallback to setTimeout /* 如果上面的两种都不支持的话,我们就使用setTimeout来执行 */ timerFunc = () => { setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) } } return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) { let _resolve callbacks.push(() => { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick') } } else if (_resolve) { _resolve(ctx) } }); /* 如果pending为true,表明本轮事件循环中已经执行过 timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0) */ if (!pending) { pending = true timerFunc() } if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { _resolve = resolve }) } } })()
整體思路理解:首先nextTick 是一個閉包函數,程式碼立即執行,在理解整體程式碼之前,我們先來看個類似的demo,如下程式碼:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>演示Vue</title> </head> <body> <p id="app"> </p> <script> var nextTick = (function(){ return function queueNextTick(cb, ctx) { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { console.log('出错了'); } } } })(); // 方法调用 nextTick(function(){ console.log(2); // 打印2 }) </script> </body> </html>
demo程式碼和上面的程式碼很類似。
我們也可以再來抽離使用nextTick做demo程式碼如下:
var nextTick2 = (function(){ const callbacks = []; let pending = false; let timerFunc; function nextTickHandler () { pending = false const copies = callbacks.slice(0) callbacks.length = 0 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { copies[i]() } } if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { var p = Promise.resolve() var logError = err => { console.error(err) } timerFunc = () => { p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError) } } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' || // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]' ) { // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available, // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4 var counter = 1 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter)) observer.observe(textNode, { characterData: true }) timerFunc = () => { counter = (counter + 1) % 2 textNode.data = String(counter) } } else { // fallback to setTimeout /* istanbul ignore next */ timerFunc = () => { setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) } } return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) { let _resolve callbacks.push(() => { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick') } } else if (_resolve) { _resolve(ctx) } }) if (!pending) { pending = true timerFunc() } if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { _resolve = resolve }) } } })(); nextTick2(function(){ console.log(2222); });
如上程式碼是nextTick原始碼的抽離,為了更好的理解nextTick,做瞭如上的demo。
我們再來理解一下整體的程式碼的意義;
先定義數組callbacks = [];來存放所有需要執行的回呼函數,定義let pending = false ;判斷本輪事件是否執行過timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0)這個函數,為true說明執行過timeFunc函數,接著定義nextTickHandler函數,該函數的作用是依序遍歷數組callbacks保存的函數,依序執行;
#請看原始程式碼如下:
function nextTickHandler () { pending = false const copies = callbacks.slice(0) callbacks.length = 0 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { copies[i]() } }
然後就是三個判斷了,程式碼如下:
##
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) { var p = Promise.resolve(); var logError = err => { console.error(err) } timerFunc = () => { p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError); } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && ( isNative(MutationObserver) || // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]' )){ var counter = 1 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter)) observer.observe(textNode, { characterData: true }) timerFunc = () => { counter = (counter + 1) % 2 textNode.data = String(counter) } } else { timerFunc = () => { setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) } }先判斷是否支援Promise對象,如果支援的話,定義了timeFunc()函數,為了下一步呼叫做準備,然後繼續判斷是否支援該物件MutationObserver,如果支援的話,建立一個文字節點,監聽該節點數據是否改變,如果改變了的話,呼叫timerFunc函數,counter值會在0/1切換,如果值改變了的話,把該資料值賦值到data屬性上面去,那麼data屬性改變了,就會重新渲染頁面(因為vue是透過Object.defineProperty來監聽屬性值是否改變),如果上面兩種情況都不滿足的話,那麼直接使用setTimeout來執行nextTickHandler函數了;
return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) { let _resolve callbacks.push(() => { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick') } } else if (_resolve) { _resolve(ctx) } }) if (!pending) { pending = true timerFunc() } if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { _resolve = resolve }) } }程式碼的意思是:傳入的cb是否是函數,ctx參數是否是一個對象,如果cb是一個函數的話,使用cb.call(ctx), 如果timerFunc沒有執行過的話,那麼pending為false,因此執行timerFunc()函數。基本的思路就是這樣的。
Node.js中的process .nextTick使用實例
node.js中的定時器nextTick()和setImmediate()區別分析_node.js
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