話說開發用了各種Adapter之後感覺用的最舒服的還是BaseAdapter,儘管使用起來比其他適配器有些麻煩,但是使用它卻能實現很多自己喜歡的列表佈局,比如ListView、GridView、Gallery、Spinner等等。它是直接繼承自接口類Adapter的,使用BaseAdapter時需要重寫很多方法,其中最重要的當屬getView,因為這會涉及到ListView優化等問題,其他的方法可以參考鏈接的文章
BaseAdapter與其他Adapter有些不一樣,其他的Adapter可以直接在其構造方法中進行資料的設置,例如
SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(), R.layout.list_item, new String[]{"img","title","info",newint[]{R.id.img, R.id.title, R.id.info}});
但是在BaseAdapter中需要實現一個繼承自BaseAdapter的類,並且重寫裡面的很多方法,例如
class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private Context context; public MyAdapter(Context context) { this.context = context; } @Override publicint getCount() { // How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.(在此适配器中所代表的数据集中的条目数) return0; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { // Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.(获取数据集中与指定索引对应的数据项) returnnull; } @Override publiclong getItemId(int position) { // Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.(取在列表中与指定索引对应的行id) return0; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { // Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set. returnnull; } }
這裡面沒什麼難度,但這個getView方法必須好好處理,也是最麻煩的
第一種:沒有任何處理,不建議這樣寫。如果資料量少看將就,但是如果清單項目資料量很大的時候,會每次都重新建立View,設定資源,嚴重影響效能,所以從一開始就不要用這種方式
@Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View item = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null); ImageView img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img) TextView title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title); TextView info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info); img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher); title.setText("Hello"); info.setText("world"); return item; }
第二種ListView最佳化:透過快取convertView,這種利用快取contentView的方式可以判斷如果快取中不存在View才建立View,如果已經存在可以利用快取中的View,提升了效能
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { if(convertView == null) { convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null); } ImageView img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img) TextView title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.title); TextView info = (TextView)ConvertView.findViewById(R.id.info); img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher); title.setText("Hello"); info.setText("world"); return convertView; }
第三種ListView最佳化:透過convertView +ViewHolder來實現,ViewHolder就是一個靜態類,使用ViewHolder 的關鍵好處是快取了顯示資料的視圖(View),加快了UI 的回應速度。
當我們判斷 convertView == null 的時候,如果為空,就會根據設計好的List的Item佈局(XML),來為convertView賦值,並產生一個viewHolder來綁定converView裡面的各個View控件(XML佈局裡面的那些控制)。再用convertView的setTag將viewHolder設定到Tag中,以便系統第二次繪製ListView時從Tag取出。 (看下面程式碼中)
如果convertView不為空的時候,就會直接用convertView的getTag(),來取得一個ViewHolder。
//在外面先定义,ViewHolder静态类 staticclass ViewHolder { public ImageView img; public TextView title; public TextView info; } //然后重写getView @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder; if(convertView == null) { holder = new ViewHolder(); convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null); holder.img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img) holder.title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title); holder.info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info); convertView.setTag(holder); }else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher); holder.title.setText("Hello"); holder.info.setText("World"); } return convertView; }
到這裡,可能會有人問ViewHolder靜態類別結合快取convertView與直接使用convertView有什麼區別嗎,是否重複了
在這裡,官方給出了解釋
提升Adapter的兩種方法
To work efficiently the adapter implemented here uses two techniques: -It reuses the convertView passed to getView() to avoid inflating View when it is not necessary
)(:重用快取式快取式的方法-It uses the ViewHolder pattern to avoid calling findViewById() when it is not necessary
(譯:使用ViewHolder模式來避免沒有必要的調用findViewById():因為太多的findViewById也會影響性能) The ViewHolder pattern consists in storing a data structure in the tag of the view returned by getView().This data structures contains references to the views we want to bind data to, thus avoiding calling to findViewBytime ) to bind.
(譯:ViewHolder模式透過getView()方法傳回的視圖的標籤(Tag)中儲存一個資料結構,這個資料結構包含了指向我們
要綁定資料的視圖的引用,從而避免每次呼叫getView ()的時候呼叫findViewById())
實例一:用BaseAdapter來自訂ListView佈局
main.xml
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <ListView android:id="@+id/lv" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:fastScrollEnabled="true" /> </LinearLayout>
list_item.xml
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/img" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView android:id="@+id/tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="20sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/info" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="14sp" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
Activity
package com.loulijun.demo17; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; publicclass Demo17Activity extends Activity { private ListView lv; private List<Map<String, Object>> data; @Override publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv); //获取将要绑定的数据设置到data中 data = getData(); MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this); lv.setAdapter(adapter); } private List<Map<String, Object>> getData() { List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); Map<String, Object> map; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); map.put("img", R.drawable.ic_launcher); map.put("title", "跆拳道"); map.put("info", "快乐源于生活..."); list.add(map); } return list; } //ViewHolder静态类 staticclass ViewHolder { public ImageView img; public TextView title; public TextView info; } publicclass MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private LayoutInflater mInflater = null; private MyAdapter(Context context) { //根据context上下文加载布局,这里的是Demo17Activity本身,即this this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); } @Override publicint getCount() { //How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter. //在此适配器中所代表的数据集中的条目数 return data.size(); } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { // Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set. //获取数据集中与指定索引对应的数据项 return position; } @Override publiclong getItemId(int position) { //Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list. //获取在列表中与指定索引对应的行id return position; } //Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set. //获取一个在数据集中指定索引的视图来显示数据 @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder = null; //如果缓存convertView为空,则需要创建View if(convertView == null) { holder = new ViewHolder(); //根据自定义的Item布局加载布局 convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null); holder.img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img); holder.title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv); holder.info = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.info); //将设置好的布局保存到缓存中,并将其设置在Tag里,以便后面方便取出Tag convertView.setTag(holder); }else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.img.setBackgroundResource((Integer)data.get(position).get("img")); holder.title.setText((String)data.get(position).get("title")); holder.info.setText((String)data.get(position).get("info")); return convertView; } } }
reee Gallery上應用BaseAdapter
main.xml
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/img" android:layout_width="480px" android:layout_height="480px" android:layout_gravity="center" /> <Gallery android:id="@+id/gallery" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:spacing="3dp" android:layout_gravity="bottom" /> </LinearLayout>Activity:這部分裡的getView沒有優化,調試了很久還沒調通,暫時還是用的最基本的方法。會特別找個時間把Gallery內存洩漏的部分寫一下,因為圖片資源很多的時候會引起out of memory的錯誤
package com.loulijun.demo16; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.Gallery; import android.widget.ImageView; publicclass Demo16Activity extends Activity { private Gallery mGallery; private ImageView mImg; //图片数组 privateint[] pics = { R.drawable.pic1, R.drawable.pic2, R.drawable.pic3, R.drawable.pic4, R.drawable.pic5, R.drawable.pic6 }; @Override publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mImg = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.img); mGallery = (Gallery)findViewById(R.id.gallery); MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this); mGallery.setAdapter(adapter); mGallery.setOnItemClickListener(new Gallery.OnItemClickListener() { @Override publicvoid onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapter, View view, int position, long arg3) { mImg.setImageResource(pics[position]); } }); } //内部类 class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter { //用来接收传递过来的Context上下文对象 private Context context; //构造函数 public MyAdapter(Context context) { this.context = context; } @Override publicint getCount() { //返回图片数组大小 return pics.length; } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { //根据选中项返回索引位置 return position; } @Override publiclong getItemId(int position) { //根据选中项id返回索引位置 return position; } //未优化的getView,这部分可以使用recycle()释放内存、或者BitmapFacotry.Options缩小,或者软引用,或者控制图片资源大小等等很多方法,找时间专门写 @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ImageView img = new ImageView(context); img.setAdjustViewBounds(true); img.setImageResource(pics[position]); img.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_XY); img.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams(120,120)); return img; } } }運行效果:原理都是一樣,只不過是佈局加載的時候會有區別,不過就這個小差別也讓人夠惱火的了