像專業人士一樣管理Docker：在Linux上安裝Portainer CE

Simplify Docker Management with Portainer CE on Linux: A Step-by-Step Guide

Managing Docker containers via the command line can be daunting, especially for newcomers. Portainer CE (Community Edition) offers a free, lightweight, and intuitive solution. This web-based interface streamlines Docker management, enabling efficient control over containers, images, networks, and volumes without complex terminal commands.

This guide details the installation and configuration of Portainer CE with Docker on a Linux system.

Prerequisites:

• A Linux system (Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL, or similar).
• A user account with sudo privileges.
• Docker installed on your system. (Instructions for Docker installation are provided below.)

Step 1: Docker Installation on Linux

Portainer runs within a Docker container, requiring prior Docker installation. Instructions vary by distribution:

Debian-based (Ubuntu, Mint):

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

RHEL-based (CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, Fedora):

sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

To avoid constant sudo usage, grant non-root Docker access:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

Enable Docker on boot and start the service:

sudo systemctl enable --now docker
sudo systemctl start docker

Verify installation:

docker run hello-world
docker --version

Step 2: Create a Docker Volume for Portainer

Portainer needs a persistent volume to store data:

docker volume create portainer_data

Verify creation:

docker volume ls

Step 3: Install and Run Portainer CE

Pull the Portainer CE image and run it as a container:

docker run -d -p 8000:8000 -p 9443:9443 --name portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer-ce:lts

Access Portainer via your server's IP address or localhost:9443 (HTTPS). Accept any browser security warnings due to the self-signed certificate.

Create an admin account.

Connect to your Docker environment.

The Portainer dashboard allows management of containers, images, networks, and volumes.

Verify Portainer's status:

sudo docker ps

Step 4: Managing Containers with Portainer (Example: Nginx)

This section demonstrates deploying and managing an Nginx container through Portainer's web interface.

Create a new container via the Portainer dashboard:

• Container Name: nginx-webserver
• Image: nginx:latest
• Host Port: 8080
• Container Port: 80

Deploy the container and access it at your-server-ip:8080 or localhost:8080.

Step 5: Managing Portainer in Linux

Start, stop, restart, or remove Portainer using these commands:

docker start portainer   # Start Portainer
docker stop portainer    # Stop Portainer
docker restart portainer # Restart Portainer
docker rm -f portainer   # Remove Portainer

Conclusion:

This guide successfully installed and configured Portainer CE with Docker, providing a user-friendly web interface for efficient Docker management.

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