Rumah > Artikel > Operasi dan penyelenggaraan > Bagaimana untuk bermula dengan cepat dengan Nmap
https://nmap.org/, tiada butiran lanjut
Mesin sasaran yang digunakan dalam artikel ini ialah OWASP Projek Aplikasi Web Rusak
https://sourceforge.net/projects/owaspbwa/
Alamat sasaran 1: 192.168.154.128
Alamat sasaran 2: 192.168.3 >
3. Baris arahanC:\Users\Torjan>nmap --helpNmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org )Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}TARGET SPECIFICATION:Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254-iL: Input from list of hosts/networks,"从文件中导入目标主机或目标网段"-iR: Choose random targets,"随机选择目标主机"--exclude: Exclude hosts/networks,"后面跟的主机或网段将不在扫描范围内"--excludefile: Exclude list from file,"后面跟的文件中的主机或网段将不在扫描范围内HOST DISCOVERY:["主机发现"]-sL:List Scan,"List Scan(列表扫描),仅列举指定目标的IP,不进行主机发现"-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan,"Ping Scan,只进行主机发现,不进行端口扫描" -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery,"将所有指定的主机视作已开启,跳过主机发现的过程。"-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports,"使用 TCP SYN/ACk或SCTP INIT/ECHO方式来发现。"-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes,"使用 ICMP echo、 timestamp、 netmask请求包发现主机"-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping,"使用IP协议包探测对方主机是否开启。"-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes],"-n表示不进行DNS解析;-R表示总是进行DNS解析。"--dns-servers: Specify custom DNS servers,"指定DNS服务器。"--system-dns: Use OS s DNS resolver,"指定使用系统的DNS服务器。"--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host,"追踪每个路由节点。SCAN TECHNIQUES:["扫描参数"]-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans,"指定使用 TCP SYN/Connect()/Ack/Window/Maimon scans的方式对目标主机进行扫描。"-sU: UDP Scan,"指定使用UDP扫描的方式确定目标主机的UDP端口状况。"-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans,"指定使用 TCP Null/FiN/Xmas scans秘密扫描的方式协助探测对方的TCP端口状态。"--scanflags: Customize TCP scan flags,"定制TCP包的flags"-sI: Idle scan,"指定使用 Idle scan的方式扫描目标主机(前提是需要找到合适的僵尸主机zombie host)。"-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans,"使用 SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO扫描SCTP协议端口的开放情况"-sO: IP protocol scan,"使用 IP protocol扫描确定目标机支持的协议类型。"-b: FTP bounce scan,"使用 FTP bounce scan扫描方式。PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:["端口扫描参数和顺序"]-p: Only scan specified ports,":扫描指定的端口"Ex("例如"): -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9--exclude-ports: Exclude the specified ports from scanning,"不扫描的端口"-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan,"(快速模式),仅扫描TOP100的端口"-r: Scan ports consecutively - dont randomize,"不进行端口随机打乱的操作(如无该参数,Nmap会将要扫描的端口以随机顺序的方式进行扫描,让Nmap的扫描不易被对方防火墙检测到),即顺序扫描。"--top-ports: Scanmost common ports,"扫描开放概率最高的 number个端口(Nmap的作者曾做过大规模的互联网扫描,以此统计网络上各种端口可能开放的概率,并排列出最有可能开放端口的列表,具体可以参见nmap- -services文件。默认情况下,Nmap会扫描最有可能的1000个TCP端口)。"--port-ratio: Scan ports more common than,"扫描指定频率以上的端口。与上述top-ports类似,这里以概率作为参数,概率大于port--ratio的端口才被扫描。显然参数必须在0~1之间,想了解具体的概率范围可以查看nmap- -services文件。SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:["版本探测"]-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info,"指定让Nmap进行版本侦测。"--version-intensity: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes),"指定版本侦测的强度(0~9),默认为7。数值越高,探测出的服务越准确,但是运行时间会比较长。"--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2),"指使用轻量级侦测方式(intensity2)"--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9),"尝试使用所有的 probes进行侦测( intensity9)。"--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging),"显示出详细的版本侦测过程信息。SCRIPT SCAN:["扫描脚本"]-sC/--script=default: "使用默认的脚本进行扫描。"--script=:is a comma separated list of,"使用某个脚本进行扫描。"directories, script-files or script-categories--script-args=: provide arguments to scripts,"该参数用于传递脚本里的参数key是参数名,该参数对应valuel这个值。如有更多的参数,使用逗号连接。"--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file,"使用文件为脚本提供参数。"--script-trace: Show all data sent and received,"如设置该参数,则显示脚本执行过程中发送与接收的数据。"--script-updatedb: Update the script database."在Nmap 的scripts目录里有一个db文件,该文件保存了当前Nmap可用的脚本,类似于一个小型数据库,如果我们开启Nmap并调用了此参数,则Nmap会自行扫描scripts扫描目录中的扩展脚本,进行数据库更新"--script-help=: Show help about scripts."查看扫描脚本帮助文档"is a comma-separated list of script-files orscript-categoriesOS DETECTION:["系统探测"]-O: Enable OS detection,"系统探测"--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets,"只对满足“同时具备状态为Open和closed的端口”的主机进行操作系统探测"--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively,"猜测最有可能的系统版本TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:["时间与性能"]Options which takeare in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),'s' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m)."时间单位说明"-T: Set timing template (higher is faster),"时间扫描级别,数字越高越快"--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup: Parallel host scan group sizes,"指定并行扫描的主机数量,每次最大或者最小扫描多少个主机"--min-parallelism/max-parallelism: Probe parallelization--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout: Specifiesprobe round trip time.--max-retries: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions."最大的探测次数"--host-timeout: Give up on target after this long,"超时时间"--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay: Adjust delay between probes,"扫描探测的延时时间/间隔时间"--min-rate: Send packets no slower thanper second,"每秒发包不少于number"--max-rate: Send packets no faster thanper second,"每秒发包不多于numberFIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:["防火墙/IDS绕过和欺骗"]-f; --mtu: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU),"分片"-D: Cloak a scan with decoys,"伪造源地址,但并不是正真的源地址,而是增加一些噪声源,用以迷惑目标ip,增加对方的分析难度。"-S: Spoof source address,"源地址伪造"-e: Use specified interface,"使用特殊接口"-g/--source-port: Use given port number,"使用指定源端口"--proxies: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies,"代理"--data: Append a custom payload to sent packets,"添加自定义数据字段,但字段必须是16进制"--data-string: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets,"添加ASCII码发送数据"--data-length: Append random data to sent packets,"数据长度"--ip-options: Send packets with specified ip options,"特殊IP选项"--ttl: Set IP time-to-live field,"设置IP存活时间"--spoof-mac: Spoof your MAC address,"MAC欺骗"--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksumOUTPUT:,"差错校验"-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<ript></ript>
nmap 192.168.154.128
4.2 Imbas berbilang sasaran
nmap 192.168.154.128 192.168.3.7
nmap 192.168.3.1-10 192.168.154.100-130
4.3 Imbas sasaran selain daripada sasaran tertentu
targets.txt:192.168.3.7
18
192.4.168. >Penggunaan:
nmap 192.168.3.1/28 -exclude 192.168.3.7
nmap 192.168.154.128 -excludefile targets.txt4.4 Imbas sasaran dalam fail yang ditentukan
Disebabkan membaca Fail mungkin memerlukan pentadbir kebenaran bergantung pada laluan storan fail
nmap -iL targets.txt4.5 Imbas port yang ditentukan
nmap 192.168.154.128 -p 21,22,23,80,443,33064.6 Pembukaan dan servis Port Imbas versi
nmap -sV 192.168.154.1284.7 Penjejakan laluan
nmap --traceroute 192.168.154.1284.8 Status survival hos
nmap -sP 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.154.0/24 -T5Pengesanan versi 4.9OS
nmap -O 192.168.154.128Status firewall 4.10
nmap -sF -T5 192.168.154.128Pengecaman status
Status | Maksud |
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Port dibuka, menunjukkan bahawa aplikasi sedang mendengar sambungan pada port dan boleh diakses dari luar | ||||||||||||||
ditapis | Ditapis, menunjukkan bahawa port disekat oleh tembok api atau peranti keselamatan lain dan tidak boleh diakses | ||||||||||||||
ditutup | Tutup, menunjukkan bahawa hos sasaran tidak membuka port | ||||||||||||||
tidak ditapis | Tidak ditapis bermakna Nmap tidak boleh mengesahkan status port dan langkah selanjutnya diperlukan | ||||||||||||||
terbuka/ditapis | |||||||||||||||
ditutup/ditapis | Ditutup atau ditapis, Nmap tidak dapat mengecam |
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