Rumah >pembangunan bahagian belakang >Tutorial Python >用Python搭建一个简单的代理池
其实每次爬东西的时候,特怕IP被封,所以每次都要把时间延迟设置得长一点...这次用Python搭建一个简单的代理池。获取代理IP,然后验证其有效性。不过结果好像不是很理想,为什么西刺代理的高匿代理都能用???不是说免费代理不好使吗?真的是黑人问号脸...
NO.1 代理获取
01 网页分析
通过点击西刺代理国内高匿代理,得到网页信息。
获取IP地址、端口、是否匿名、类型、速度。
02 获取代理信息
这里记得一定要设置随机选取headers以及睡眠时间,因为我就没有设置,然后就被封了...
import time import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36' } for i in range(1, 36): time.sleep(2) print('第' + str(i) + '页') url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' + str(i) response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') all_trs = soup.find_all('tr') for tr in all_trs[1:]: all_tds = tr.find_all('td') ip = all_tds[1].get_text() port = all_tds[2].get_text() anonymous = all_tds[4].get_text() type = all_tds[5].get_text() for j in all_tds[6].find_all("div", attrs={"class": "bar"}): speed = j.get('title') with open('ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f: f.write(ip + ',' + port + ',' + anonymous + ',' + type + ',' + speed + '\n')
随机获取用户代理的代码,上面是没加下面这个函数的(结果就是被封,不过第二天又能用啦)
def get_user_agent(): ''' 随机获取一个用户代理 ''' user_agents=[ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10" ] # random.choice返回列表的随机项 user_agent = random.choice(user_agents) return user_agent # random.randint产生随机整数 time.sleep(2 + float(random.randint(1, 100)) / 20)
NO.2代理验证
通过验证发现大部分都能用,不知道真的假的。
网址用的之前识别验证码的那个网站,如云阁小说网。
200个只有2个无效,不科学~
import pandas as pd import numpy as np import requests import time df = pd.read_csv('ip.csv', header=None, names=["ip", "port", "anonymous", "proxy_type", "speed"]) proxy_types = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['proxy_type'])] ips = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['ip'])] ports = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['port'])] proxy_url = ['{0}://{1}:{2}'.format(proxy_types[i], ips[i], ports[i]) for i in range(len(ips))] proxy_type = ['{}'.format(i) for i in proxy_types] for i in range(200): time.sleep(1) proxies = { proxy_type[i]: proxy_url[i] } try: response = requests.get('http://www.quanben9.com/', proxies=proxies) except Exception as e: print('invalid ip and port') else: code = response.status_code if code == 200: print('effective ip') with open('effective_ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f: f.write(proxy_type[i] + ',' + proxy_url[i] + '\n') else: print('invalid ip and port')
NO.3小结
IP协议:网际协议,作用是把各种数据包传送给对方(两个重要的条件,IP地址和MAC地址)。
IP地址:指明了节点被分配到的地址。
端口:端口是通过端口号来标记的,端口号只有整数,范围是从0到65535。一个IP地址的端口有65536个,「IP地址+端口号」区分不同的服务(Web、FTP、SMTP)。
HTTP:超文本传输协议,完成从客户端到服务器端等一系列运作流程。
HTTPS:添加了加密及认证机制的HTTP。
老实说,之前我对IP地址、端口、HTTP、HTTPS,是一点不了解的。
最近在看图解HTTP,算是对它们有所了解,但是还只是那么一点点,任重而道远。
不过罗马非一日之功,有进步就是好事!
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