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在使用virtualenv
前ubuntu默认的解释器是python2.7,而且/usr/lib/python3
里面已经安装好了ipython3
和requests
$ python Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
$ ipython3 Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]: import requests In [2]:
由于一些兼容性问题,电脑上默认的python版本只能只能使用python2.7,所以创建命令要另外使用-p
指定解释器
$ mkdir my_project_folder; cd my_project_folder # 创建虚拟环境 $ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3 Using base prefix '/usr' New python executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python3 Also creating executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
激活虚拟环境
$ source venv/bin/activate
现在可以看到提示符前面多了一个venv
,代表虚拟环境创建成功
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3
实践一下,虚拟环境和实际的环境隔离的
# 无法使用ipython3 (venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/ipython3", line 4, in <module> from IPython import start_ipython ImportError: No module named 'IPython' # 默认的解释器已经变成了python3 (venv) ~/my_project_folder $ python Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. # 无法使用requests >>> import requests Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named 'requests'
注意不需要使用pip3
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install requests Collecting requests Downloading requests-2.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (584kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 593kB 1.3MB/s Installing collected packages: requests Successfully installed requests-2.13.0
现在request已经能够正确使用了
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ python Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import requests >>>
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install ipython
现在ipython也已经能够正确使用了
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]:
退出
(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ deactivate
原理很简单,就是把系统Python复制一份到virtualenv的环境,用命令source venv/bin/activate
进入一个virtualenv环境时,virtualenv会修改相关环境变量,让命令python和pip均指向当前的virtualenv环境。
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