Grafik 2D dalam Java

Grafik 2D boleh dicapai menggunakan pengaturcaraan Java dengan bantuan beberapa ciri lanjutan platform Java 2, yang merangkumi fungsi terbina dalam Java untuk operasi seperti pemprosesan imej, pilihan reka bentuk grafik lanjutan, transformasi geometri, penggubahan alfa, dsb. . Terdapat beberapa pakej yang disediakan di bawah pakej java 2D, seperti awt, awt.image, awt.color, awt.font, awt.geom, awt.print dan awt.image.renderable. Java ialah pilihan goto yang terkenal di kalangan komuniti pembangun permainan kerana hasil grafiknya yang berkualiti tinggi, pelbagai pilihan reka bentuk geometri memudahkan pencetakan dokumen dan membolehkan untuk mengekalkan prestasi produk yang dibangunkan.

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Perenderan 2D Java

API Java 2D menyokong model pemaparan seragam merentas semua peranti yang berbeza: monitor paparan atau pencetak. Semasa pembangunan program, rendering berfungsi, dengan cara yang sama, tanpa mengira komponen akhir, sama ada pencetak atau monitor paparan. Pakej secara automatik mengesan dan menukar konteks Grafik berdasarkan komponen akhir. API Java 2D terdiri daripada java.awt.Graphics2D yang memanjangkan kelas Grafik untuk menyediakan sokongan bagi ciri grafik dan pemaparan yang dipertingkatkan.

Di bawah ialah ciri yang disediakan oleh pakej:

• Ia menyokong pemaparan bentuk dan rajah geometri primitif.
• Ia menyediakan pilihan untuk mengisi bahagian dalam apa-apa bentuk dengan sebarang warna atau corak yang dinyatakan dalam atribut cat menggunakan sapuan.
• Ia membolehkan anda memaparkan imej yang ditentukan.
• Ia membolehkan anda menukar Rentetan teks kepada glif, diisi dengan warna yang dinyatakan dalam atribut cat.

Contoh #1

Mari kita lihat program Java yang sama dan lihat cara ia berfungsi.

Kod:

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import java.awt.*;       // AWT package is responsible for creating GUI
import javax.swing.*;    // Java swing package is responsible to provide UI components
// AWT class extents Jframe which is part of Swing package
public class AWTGraphicsSampleProgram extends JFrame {
/**
*
*/
// Defining all the static variables
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public static final int SAMPLE_CANVAS_WIDTH  = 500;
public static final int SAMPLE_CANVAS_HEIGHT = 500;
// The program enters from the main method
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
new AWTGraphicsSampleProgram(); // this run method will create a new object and thus invoke the constructor method.
}
});
}
//Here we are creating an instance of the drawing canvas inner class called DrawCanwas
private DrawCanvas sampleCanvas;
public AWTGraphicsSampleProgram() {
sampleCanvas = new DrawCanvas();
sampleCanvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(SAMPLE_CANVAS_WIDTH,            SAMPLE_CANVAS_HEIGHT));
Container containerPane = getContentPane();
containerPane.add(sampleCanvas);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);   // setting up the default close mechanism
pack();
setTitle("......");  // set the desired title of the JFrame
setVisible(true);    // setVisible method will be set the visibility of the Jframe to true
}
/**
* here drawCanvas is the inner class of the Jpanel which is used for custom drawing
*/
private class DrawCanvas extends JPanel {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
// Overriding paintComponent will let you to design your own painting
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics graphics) {
super.paintComponent(graphics);
setBackground(Color.BLACK);  // setting the background color to black
graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);  // setting up the color to green
graphics.drawLine(30, 40, 100, 200);
graphics.drawOval(150, 180, 10, 10);
graphics.drawRect(200, 210, 20, 30);
graphics.setColor(Color.magenta);
graphics.fillOval(300, 310, 30, 50);
graphics.fillRect(400, 350, 60, 50);
graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
graphics.setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.PLAIN, 12)); // setting up the font style and font size
graphics.drawString("Java Graphics in 2D ...", 10, 20);
}
}
}

Output:

Kelas grafik menyediakan kaedah yang berbeza untuk melukis objek grafik yang berbeza. Kaedah yang paling biasa ialah drawString(), drawImage() dan fillXxx(). Kaedah ini boleh dibahagikan secara meluas kepada dua kategori. Jenis pertama kaedah Grafik ialah, ia menyediakan ciri-ciri lukisan dan isi yang membolehkan Pengguna menghasilkan bentuk asas, teks dan imej. Jenis kaedah lain adalah untuk tetapan atribut yang membolehkan anda menukar kesan cara lukisan itu muncul dalam konsol. Kaedah seperti setColor dan setFont membolehkan anda memutuskan cara cabutan dan isian diterangkan. Konteks grafik bertanggungjawab untuk mengekalkan keadaan atau atribut seperti warna lukisan semasa fon semasa.

Contoh #2

Mari kita lihat satu lagi contoh perkara lain yang boleh kita capai dengan kelas Java 2D.

Kod:

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
public class GeometricShapes extends JFrame
{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public GeometricShapes()
{
super( "Geometric shapes" );
setSize( 425, 160 );
show();
}
public static void main( String args[] )
{
GeometricShapes figure = new GeometricShapes();
figure.addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowclosing( WindowEvent e )
{
System.exit( 0 );
}
});
}
public void paint( Graphics graphics )
{
// Instantiating Graphics 2D class
Graphics2D graphics2D = ( Graphics2D ) graphics;
graphics2D.setPaint( new GradientPaint( 16, 30,
Color.red,
45, 105,
Color.green,
true ) );
graphics2D.fill( new Ellipse2D.Double( 6, 31, 61, 105 ) );
graphics2D.setPaint( Color.black );
graphics2D.setStroke(new BasicStroke( 9.0f ) );
graphics2D.draw( new Rectangle2D.Double( 82, 32, 67, 102 ) );
// This will create a black colored rounded rectangle
BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage( 10, 10,                                  BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB );
Graphics2D design = bufferedImage.createGraphics();
design.setColor( Color.blue );
design.fillRect( 0, 0, 9, 9 );
design.setColor( Color.orange );
design.drawRect( 2, 2, 7, 7 );
design.setColor( Color.black );
design.fillRect( 2, 2, 4, 4 );
design.setColor( Color.pink );
design.fillRect( 5, 5, 2, 2 );
graphics2D.setPaint( new TexturePaint( bufferedImage, new Rectangle( 9, 9 ) ) );
graphics2D.fill( new RoundRectangle2D.Double( 156, 31, 76, 101, 51, 51 ) );
graphics2D.setPaint( Color.CYAN );
graphics2D.setStroke(new BasicStroke( 7.0f ) );
graphics2D.draw( new Arc2D.Double( 240, 30, 75, 100, 0, 270, Arc2D.PIE ) );
// this will create line in red and black color
graphics2D.setPaint( Color.red );
graphics2D.draw( new Line2D.Double( 400, 40, 350, 180 ) );
float dashesArray[] = { 20 };
graphics2D.setPaint( Color.black );
graphics2D.setStroke( new BasicStroke( 4, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND, 10, dashesArray, 0 ) );
graphics2D.draw( new Line2D.Double( 320, 30, 395, 150 ) );
}
}

Output:

Contoh #3

Mari gunakan java 2D dalam program berikut.

Kod:

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
public class GeometricShapes2 extends JFrame
{
/**
*
*/
private static final long <em>serialVersionUID</em> = 1L;
public static void main( String args[] )
{
GeometricShapes2 design = new GeometricShapes2();
design.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
});
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public GeometricShapes2()
{
super( "A circle made up of stars by joining them at certain position filled with random colors" );
setBackground( Color.<em>green</em> );
setSize( 450, 450 );
show();
}
public void paint( Graphics graphics )
{
int xCoordinates[] = { 57, 69, 111, 75, 85, 57, 29, 39, 3, 45 };
int yCoordinates[] = { 2, 38, 38, 56, 98, 74, 98, 56, 38, 38 };
Graphics2D graphics2D = ( Graphics2D ) graphics;
GeneralPath starFigure = new GeneralPath();
starFigure.moveTo( xCoordinates[ 0 ], yCoordinates[ 0 ] );
for ( int j = 1; j < xCoordinates.length; j++ )
starFigure.lineTo( xCoordinates[ j ], yCoordinates[ j ] );
starFigure.closePath();
graphics2D.translate( 200, 200 );
for ( int i = 1; i <= 10; i++ )
{
graphics2D.rotate( Math.<em>PI</em> / 9.0 );
graphics2D.setColor(new Color( ( int ) ( Math.<em>random</em>() * 128 ),( int ) ( Math.<em>random</em>() * 128 ),
( int ) ( Math.<em>random</em>() * 128 ) ) );
graphics2D.fill( starFigure );
}
}
}

Output:

Contoh #4

Menggunakan pengekodan warna dalam program berikut.

Kod:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
public class GeometricShapes3 extends Canvas {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
Frame windowFrame;
TextField sampleText;
Font sampleFont;
Color colorOfText;
Color colorOfCircle;
public static void main(String args[]) {
GeometricShapes3 start;
start = new GeometricShapes3();
}
public GeometricShapes3() {
this("Arial", Font.BOLD, 18, Color.gray, Color.red);
}
public GeometricShapes3(String ff, int fs, int fz, Color bg, Color fg) {
setBackground(bg);
colorOfCircle = Color.green.brighter();
colorOfText = fg;
sampleFont = new Font(ff, fs, fz);
sampleText = new TextField("eduCBA (Corporate Bridge Consultancy Pvt Ltd) ");
windowFrame = new Frame("Demo");
windowFrame.add(sampleText, BorderLayout.NORTH);
windowFrame.add(this, BorderLayout.CENTER);
windowFrame.setSize(new Dimension(300,340));
windowFrame.setLocation(150,140);
windowFrame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
sampleText.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
repaint();
}
});
windowFrame.setVisible(true);
}
public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
String sampleTxt = sampleText.getText();
if (sampleTxt.length() == 0) return;
if (graphics instanceof Graphics2D) {
Dimension dimension = getSize();
Point point = new Point(dimension.width / 2, dimension.height / 2);
int radius = (int)(point.x * 0.84);
graphics.setColor(colorOfCircle);
graphics.drawArc(point.x - radius, point.y - radius,
radius*2-1, radius*2-1,
0, 360);
graphics.setColor(colorOfText);
graphics.setFont(sampleFont);
CircularText((Graphics2D)graphics, sampleTxt, point, radius, -Math.PI/2, 1.0);
}
else {
System.out.println("Some Error Occurred");
}
}
static void CircularText(Graphics2D graphics, String sampleTxt, Point center,
double radius, double length, double height)
{
double circleAngle = length;
Point2D circle = new Point2D.Double(center.x, center.y);
char chArray[] = sampleTxt.toCharArray();
FontMetrics fm = graphics.getFontMetrics();
AffineTransform formx, formy;
formx = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(circle.getX(),circle.getY());
for(int i = 0; i < chArray.length; i++) {
double cwid = (double)(getWidth(chArray[i],fm));
if (!(chArray[i] == ' ' || Character.isSpaceChar(chArray[i]))) {
cwid = (double)(fm.charWidth(chArray[i]));
formy = new AffineTransform(formx);
formy.rotate(circleAngle, 0.0, 0.0);
String chstr = new String(chArray, i, 1);
graphics.setTransform(formy);
graphics.drawString(chstr, (float)(-cwid/2), (float)(-radius));
}
if (i < (chArray.length - 1)) {
double adv = cwid/2.0 + fm.getLeading() + getWidth(chArray[i + 1],fm)/2.0;
circleAngle += Math.sin(adv / radius);
}
}
}
static int getWidth(char charText, FontMetrics fontMetrics) {
if (charText == ' ' || Character.isSpaceChar(charText)) {
return fontMetrics.charWidth('n');
}
else {
return fontMetrics.charWidth(charText);
}
}
} <strong> </strong><strong>Output:</strong>

Contoh #5

Java 2D untuk grafik teks.

Kod:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext;
import java.awt.font.TextLayout;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
public class FontsDemo extends Frame {
/**
*
*/
private static final long <em>serialVersionUID</em> = 1L;
public static void main( String[] argv ) {
FontsDemo myExample = new FontsDemo( "Text Graphics" );
}
public FontsDemo( String title ) {
super( title );
setSize( 450, 180 );
addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing( WindowEvent we ) {
dispose();
System.<em>exit</em>( 0 );
}
} );
setVisible( true );
}
public void paint( Graphics g ) {
Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) g;
FontRenderContext frc = graphics.getFontRenderContext();
Font font = new Font( "Arial", Font.<em>HANGING_BASELINE</em> | Font.<em>BOLD</em>, 72 );
TextLayout tl = new TextLayout( "eduCBA", font, frc );
Shape myShape = tl.getOutline( AffineTransform.<em>getTranslateInstance</em>( 50, 100 ) );
Paint myPaint = loadTextureResource( "1.gif" );
graphics.setPaint( myPaint );
graphics.fill( myShape );
}
public TexturePaint loadTextureResource( String absfilename ) {
MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker( this );
Image imtexture = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage( absfilename );
tracker.addImage( imtexture, 0 );
try {
tracker.waitForID( 0 );
int width = imtexture.getWidth( this );
int height = imtexture.getHeight( this );
System.<em>out</em>.println( "width" + width + " height =" + height );
BufferedImage buffImg = new
BufferedImage( width, height, BufferedImage.<em>TYPE_INT_ARGB</em> );
Graphics g = buffImg.getGraphics();
g.drawImage( imtexture, 0, 0, this );
return new TexturePaint( buffImg, new Rectangle2D.Double( 0, 0, width, height ) );
}
catch( Exception e ) {
System.<em>out</em>.println( "Exception on Image-Texture Loading" );
}
return null;
}
}

Output:

Kesimpulan

 Sekarang kita telah sampai ke penghujung artikel, saya harap anda semua mesti mempunyai idea yang adil tentang perkara yang boleh anda capai dengan grafik Java 2D. Secara jujur, keupayaan kelas Java 2D tidak terhad kepada bentuk dan angka yang mudah; ia boleh diperluaskan kepada mereka bentuk rajah kompleks dan bentuk geometri dan kebanyakannya bergantung pada bagaimana anda memanfaatkan kelas dan kaedah sedia ada.

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