Bagaimanakah cara saya memasang perisian dan menetapkan pembolehubah persekitaran dengan hak pengguna bukan akar?

Direktori Artikel

Situasi

Gunakan pengguna rootLinux menggunakan pengguna rootArahan pemampatan Linux Memandangkan kebenarannya cukup besar, semuanya boleh dilakukan dengan mudah

Bagaimana dengan sistem Linux apabila pengguna bukan root mempunyai kebenaran yang rendah walaupun yuminstall tidak boleh digunakan, jadi bagaimana untuk memasang perisian

Pasang pakej rpm

1 Ambil memasang alat wget sebagai contoh

Mula-mula muat turun pakej wget rpm pada pelayar windows

http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

Simulasikan pemasangan luar talian selepas itu

2 Log masuk ke sistem Linux menggunakan pengguna bukan root

<span class="token comment"># 尝试安装yumdownloader，不行的，需要root权限</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit root<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ yum <span class="token function">install</span> yumdownloader
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.
<span class="token comment"># 尝试执行wget命令，不行，没有安装</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit root<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ <span class="token function">wget</span>
bash: wget: <span class="token function">command</span> not found
<span class="token comment"># 尝试安装wget，不行的，需要root权限</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit root<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ yum <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token function">wget</span>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.

Muat naik pakej wget.***.rpm yang kami muat turun ke sistem Linux

Last login: Wed Dec2 09:44:05 2020
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ <span class="token function">pwd</span>
/home/nim01
<span class="token comment"># root已经安装lrzsz了，直接上传</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ rz
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ ll
total 548
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec22020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

3. Pasang pakej rpm

Ekstrak fail

<span class="token comment"># 执行下面指令，从安装包中提取文件</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ rpm2cpio wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm <span class="token operator">|</span> cpio -idvm
./etc/wgetrc
./usr/bin/wget
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/AUTHORS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/COPYING
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/MAILING-LIST
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/NEWS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/README
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/sample.wgetrc
./usr/share/info/wget.info.gz
./usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/en_GB/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/he/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ro/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gz
4030 blocks

Lihat

<span class="token comment"># 提取完之后，当前目录多了etc和usr两个目录</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ ll
total 548
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 20 Dec2 10:13 etc
drwxrwxr-x. 4 nim01 nim01 30 Dec2 10:13 usr
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec22020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

Lihat

<span class="token comment"># 进入usr/bin目录，可以看到可执行的wget文件</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ <span class="token function">cd</span> usr/
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit usr<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 18 Dec2 10:13 bin
drwxrwxr-x. 6 nim01 nim01 54 Dec2 10:13 share
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit usr<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ <span class="token function">cd</span> bin/
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit bin<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ ll
total 412
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 nim01 nim01 418776 May 162019 <span class="token function">wget</span>

4. Tetapkan pembolehubah persekitaran

Dalam direktori rumah, edit terus fail .bashrc dan turunkan laluan program boleh laku ke PATH sistem

Dengan cara ini, jika anda menggunakan pengguna root di Linux, anda boleh terus melaksanakan arahan wget

<span class="token comment"># .bashrc</span>
<span class="token comment"># Source global definitions</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> -f /etc/bashrc <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">then</span>
<span class="token keyword">.</span> /etc/bashrc
<span class="token keyword">fi</span>
<span class="token comment"># Uncomment the following line if you don&#039;t like systemctl&#039;s auto-paging feature:</span>
<span class="token comment"># export SYSTEMD_PAGER=</span>
<span class="token comment"># User specific aliases and functions</span>
<span class="token function">export</span> PATH<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable">$PATH</span><span class="token keyword">:</span><span class="token variable">$HOME</span>/usr/bin

Selepas menyimpan dan keluar

<span class="token comment"># 执行source，让修改生效</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ <span class="token function">source</span> .bashrc
<span class="token comment"># 执行wget，可正常使用</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>nim01@svngit ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ <span class="token function">wget</span>
wget: missing URL
Usage: <span class="token function">wget</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token punctuation">[</span>URL<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Try `wget --help&#039; <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token function">more</span> options.

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