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Percona Data Recovery Tool for InnoDB工具恢复单表的案例
今天上班有个朋友询问我,相关Percona Data Recovery Tool for InnoDB恢复数据中的一些问题,比如说delete,没法恢复数据,原先做过类似的异常处理就,再次模拟了下相关的恢复操作流程,仅供学习使用;相关的配置工具策略网上很多,这里我就一笔带过了,不再进行详述,下面就开始梳理相关的细节问题;
[root@Mysql64 local]# mysql -uroot -prootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.Your MySQL connection id is 33Server version: 5.5.28-log Source distributionType 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.mysql> create database gg;ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'gg'; database existsmysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema | | cacti | | gg | | mysql | | performance_schema | | temp | | test | +--------------------+7 rows in set (0.12 sec)mysql> use gg;Database changedmysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> create table a select * from mysql.user;Query OK, 12 rows affected (0.17 sec)Records: 12 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> delete from a;Query OK, 12 rows affected (0.12 sec)mysql> select * from a;Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> [root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./page_parser -5 -f /usr/local/mysql/data/gg/a.ibd Opening file: /usr/local/mysql/data/gg/a.ibd:64768 ID of device containing file5836121 inode number33200 protection1 number of hard links500 user ID of owner500 group ID of owner0 device ID (if special file)98304 total size, in bytes4096 blocksize for filesystem I/O200 number of blocks allocated1377829472 time of last access1377831011 time of last modification1377831011 time of last status change98304 Size to process in bytes104857600 Disk cache size in bytes[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]#./create_defs.pl --host=localhost --user=root --password=root --db=gg --table=a > include/table_defs.h[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# cat include/table_defs.h can_be_null: FALSE, uint_min_val: 0, uint_max_val: 4294967295ULL }, can_be_null: FALSE }, { /* char(64) */ name: "plugin", type: FT_CHAR, min_length: 64, max_length: 192, has_limits: FALSE, limits: { can_be_null: TRUE, char_min_len: 0, char_max_len: 192, char_ascii_only: TRUE }, can_be_null: TRUE }, { /* text */ name: "authentication_string", type: FT_TEXT, min_length: 0, max_length: 65535, has_limits: FALSE, limits: { can_be_null: TRUE, char_min_len: 0, char_max_len: 65535, char_ascii_only: TRUE }, can_be_null: TRUE }, { type: FT_NONE } } },};#endif[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# [root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./constraints_parser -5 -D -f pages-1377849796/FIL_PAGE_INDEX/0-18/0-00000003.page LOAD DATA INFILE '/usr/local/percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5/dumps/default/SYS_TABLES' REPLACE INTO TABLE `SYS_TABLES` FIELDS TERMINATED BY '/t' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES STARTING BY 'SYS_TABLES/t' (NAME, ID, N_COLS, TYPE, MIX_ID, MIX_LEN, CLUSTER_NAME, SPACE);[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# makegcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -c tables_dict.c -o lib/tables_dict.ogcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -c print_data.c -o lib/print_data.o gcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -c check_data.c -o lib/check_data.ogcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -o constraints_parser constraints_parser.c lib/tables_dict.o lib/print_data.o lib/check_data.o lib/libut.a lib/libmystrings.agcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -static -lrt -o page_parser page_parser.c lib/tables_dict.o lib/libut.a [root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# 这里需要重新编译才可以生产,不能只变异一次,不然后期你会看不到数据都为空值的;记住这里需要进行2次make哦,不能少一次![root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./constraints_parser -5 -f pages-1377849796/FIL_PAGE_INDEX/0-18/0-00000003.page a "localhost " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " ""a "Mysql64 " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " ""a "127.0.0.1 " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " ""a "::1 " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " ""a "localhost " " " " " "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "Mysql64 " " " " " "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "localhost " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "192.168.155.229 " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "Y" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "Y" "N" "N" "N" "N" "Y" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "% " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "N" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "127.0.0.1 " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "*.* " "cacti " " " "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLa "% " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 00 0 0 " " NULLLOAD DATA INFILE '/usr/local/percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5/dumps/default/a' REPLACE INTO TABLE `a` FIELDS TERMINATED BY '/t' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES STARTING BY 'a/t' (Host, User, Password, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv, Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv, Repl_client_priv, Create_view_priv, Show_view_priv, Create_routine_priv, Alter_routine_priv, Create_user_priv, Event_priv, Trigger_priv, Create_tablespace_priv, ssl_type, @var_ssl_cipher, @var_x509_issuer, @var_x509_subject, max_questions, max_updates, max_connections, max_user_connections, plugin, authentication_string)SET ssl_cipher = UNHEX(@var_ssl_cipher), x509_issuer = UNHEX(@var_x509_issuer), x509_subject = UNHEX(@var_x509_subject);[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# 结下了看到了我从ibd里面删除的数据,我要把它放到一个目录内,记住这里我需要放到含有mysql访问的目录内,原先我存放在tmp啊,data目录啊都不行,最后放在mysql权限内的目录就可以了;[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./constraints_parser -5 -f pages-1377849796/FIL_PAGE_INDEX/0-18/0-00000003.page > /usr/local/mysql/data/find.sqlLOAD DATA INFILE '/usr/local/percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5/dumps/default/a' REPLACE INTO TABLE `a` FIELDS TERMINATED BY '/t' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES STARTING BY 'a/t' (Host, User, Password, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv, Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv, Repl_client_priv, Create_view_priv, Show_view_priv, Create_routine_priv, Alter_routine_priv, Create_user_priv, Event_priv, Trigger_priv, Create_tablespace_priv, ssl_type, @var_ssl_cipher, @var_x509_issuer, @var_x509_subject, max_questions, max_updates, max_connections, max_user_connections, plugin, authentication_string)SET ssl_cipher = UNHEX(@var_ssl_cipher), x509_issuer = UNHEX(@var_x509_issuer), x509_subject = UNHEX(@var_x509_subject);[root@Mysql64 percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# 查询目录的内容是否正确;[root@Mysql64 data]# pwd/usr/local/mysql/data[root@Mysql64 data]# ll -h | grep find*-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.9K 08-30 16:31 find.sql 看到是有数据的有3.9k左右大小,当然这里是测试数据量比较小(mysql.user的数据量)![root@Mysql64 data]# [root@Mysql64 data]# vi find.sql ---看看内容;a "localhost " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " ""a "Mysql64 " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " ""a "127.0.0.1 " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " ""a "::1 " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " ""a "localhost " " " " " "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "Mysql64 " " " " " "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "localhost " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "192.168.155.229 " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "Y" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "Y" "N" "N" "N" "N" "Y" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "% " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "N" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "127.0.0.1 " "cacti " "*43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "N" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "*.* " "cacti " " " "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULLa "% " "root " "*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "Y" "" 0 0 0 0 " " NULL~~~~~~~~~~~[root@Mysql64 data]# 下面我们需要把sql文件内的文本load到我们的库内;这里我需要提出的是load的路径,要进行设置下; 上面我在导入的时候估计变量忘记设置,导致出现部分失误,这里需要做的同学注意下; mysql> use gg;Database changedmysql> select * from a;Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/usr/local/mysql/data/find.sql' REPLACE INTO TABLE `a` FIELDS TERMINATED BY '/t' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES STARTING BY 'a/t' (Host, User, Password, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv, Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv, Repl_client_priv, Create_view_priv, Show_view_priv, Create_routine_priv, Alter_routine_priv, Create_user_priv, Event_priv, Trigger_priv, Create_tablespace_priv, ssl_type, @var_ssl_cipher, @var_x509_issuer, @var_x509_subject, max_questions, max_updates, max_connections, max_user_connections, plugin, authentication_string) -> SET -> ssl_cipher = UNHEX(@var_ssl_cipher), -> x509_issuer = UNHEX(@var_x509_issuer), -> x509_subject = UNHEX(@var_x509_subject);Query OK, 12 rows affected (0.03 sec)Records: 12 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from a;+-----------------+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+| Host | User | Password | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin | authentication_string |+-----------------+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+| localhost | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Mysql64 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | ::1 | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | localhost | | | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | Mysql64 | | | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | localhost | cacti | *43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | 192.168.155.229 | cacti | *43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | % | cacti | *43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | 127.0.0.1 | cacti | *43DD7940383044FBDE5B177730FAD3405BC6DAD7 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | *.* | cacti | | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | | % | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NULL | +-----------------+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+12 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
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MySQL은 GPL 라이센스를 사용합니다. 1) GPL 라이센스는 MySQL의 무료 사용, 수정 및 분포를 허용하지만 수정 된 분포는 GPL을 준수해야합니다. 2) 상업용 라이센스는 공개 수정을 피할 수 있으며 기밀이 필요한 상업용 응용 프로그램에 적합합니다.

MyISAM 대신 InnoDB를 선택할 때의 상황에는 다음이 포함됩니다. 1) 거래 지원, 2) 높은 동시성 환경, 3) 높은 데이터 일관성; 반대로, MyISAM을 선택할 때의 상황에는 다음이 포함됩니다. 1) 주로 읽기 작업, 2) 거래 지원이 필요하지 않습니다. InnoDB는 전자 상거래 플랫폼과 같은 높은 데이터 일관성 및 트랜잭션 처리가 필요한 응용 프로그램에 적합하지만 MyISAM은 블로그 시스템과 같은 읽기 집약적 및 트랜잭션이없는 애플리케이션에 적합합니다.

MySQL에서 외국 키의 기능은 테이블 간의 관계를 설정하고 데이터의 일관성과 무결성을 보장하는 것입니다. 외국 키는 참조 무결성 검사 및 계단식 작업을 통해 데이터의 효과를 유지합니다. 성능 최적화에주의를 기울이고 사용할 때 일반적인 오류를 피하십시오.

MySQL에는 B-Tree Index, Hash Index, Full-Text Index 및 공간 인덱스의 네 가지 주요 인덱스 유형이 있습니다. 1.B- 트리 색인은 범위 쿼리, 정렬 및 그룹화에 적합하며 직원 테이블의 이름 열에서 생성에 적합합니다. 2. HASH 인덱스는 동등한 쿼리에 적합하며 메모리 저장 엔진의 HASH_Table 테이블의 ID 열에서 생성에 적합합니다. 3. 전체 텍스트 색인은 기사 테이블의 내용 열에서 생성에 적합한 텍스트 검색에 사용됩니다. 4. 공간 지수는 지리 공간 쿼리에 사용되며 위치 테이블의 Geom 열에서 생성에 적합합니다.

toreateanindexinmysql, usethecreateindexstatement.1) forasinglecolumn, "createindexidx_lastnameonemployees (lastname);"2) foracompositeIndex를 사용하고 "createDexIdx_nameonemployees (forstName, FirstName);"3)을 사용하십시오

MySQL과 Sqlite의 주요 차이점은 설계 개념 및 사용 시나리오입니다. 1. MySQL은 대규모 응용 프로그램 및 엔터프라이즈 수준의 솔루션에 적합하며 고성능 및 동시성을 지원합니다. 2. SQLITE는 모바일 애플리케이션 및 데스크탑 소프트웨어에 적합하며 가볍고 내부질이 쉽습니다.

MySQL의 인덱스는 데이터 검색 속도를 높이는 데 사용되는 데이터베이스 테이블에서 하나 이상의 열의 주문 구조입니다. 1) 인덱스는 스캔 한 데이터의 양을 줄임으로써 쿼리 속도를 향상시킵니다. 2) B-Tree Index는 균형 잡힌 트리 구조를 사용하여 범위 쿼리 및 정렬에 적합합니다. 3) CreateIndex 문을 사용하여 CreateIndexIdx_customer_idonorders (customer_id)와 같은 인덱스를 작성하십시오. 4) Composite Indexes는 CreateIndexIdx_customer_orderOders (Customer_id, Order_Date)와 같은 다중 열 쿼리를 최적화 할 수 있습니다. 5) 설명을 사용하여 쿼리 계획을 분석하고 피하십시오

MySQL에서 트랜잭션을 사용하면 데이터 일관성이 보장됩니다. 1) STARTTRANSACTION을 통해 트랜잭션을 시작한 다음 SQL 작업을 실행하고 커밋 또는 롤백으로 제출하십시오. 2) SavePoint를 사용하여 부분 롤백을 허용하는 저장 지점을 설정하십시오. 3) 성능 최적화 제안에는 트랜잭션 시간 단축, 대규모 쿼리 방지 및 격리 수준을 합리적으로 사용하는 것이 포함됩니다.


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