Maison > Article > développement back-end > Les principes et caractéristiques des arbres rouge-noir et leur implémentation de code en Python
L'arbre rouge-noir, comme l'arbre B+, est un arbre de recherche binaire équilibré. Chaque nœud d'un arbre rouge-noir est coloré, rouge ou noir, mais les racines de l'arbre sont noires et les feuilles du bas sont également noires. Notez également que le chemin direct de n'importe quel nœud vers une feuille dans un arbre rouge-noir contient le même nombre de nœuds noirs.
La restriction des couleurs rouge-noir des nœuds d'arbre garantit que le chemin le plus long de la racine à la feuille n'est pas plus de deux fois le chemin le plus court.
En effet, l'insertion de nœuds rouges ne viole pas la propriété de quantité de nœuds noirs des arbres rouge-noir. Et même si un nouveau nœud rouge est inséré dans le nœud rouge d'origine, résoudre ce problème sera plus facile que le problème causé par la violation du nœud noir.
import sys # 创建节点 class Node(): def __init__(self, item): self.item = item self.parent = None self.left = None self.right = None self.color = 1 class RedBlackTree(): def __init__(self): self.TNULL = Node(0) self.TNULL.color = 0 self.TNULL.left = None self.TNULL.right = None self.root = self.TNULL # 前序 def pre_order_helper(self, node): if node != TNULL: sys.stdout.write(node.item + " ") self.pre_order_helper(node.left) self.pre_order_helper(node.right) # 中序 def in_order_helper(self, node): if node != TNULL: self.in_order_helper(node.left) sys.stdout.write(node.item + " ") self.in_order_helper(node.right) # 后根 def post_order_helper(self, node): if node != TNULL: self.post_order_helper(node.left) self.post_order_helper(node.right) sys.stdout.write(node.item + " ") # 搜索树 def search_tree_helper(self, node, key): if node == TNULL or key == node.item: return node if key < node.item: return self.search_tree_helper(node.left, key) return self.search_tree_helper(node.right, key) # 删除后平衡树 def delete_fix(self, x): while x != self.root and x.color == 0: if x == x.parent.left: s = x.parent.right if s.color == 1: s.color = 0 x.parent.color = 1 self.left_rotate(x.parent) s = x.parent.right if s.left.color == 0 and s.right.color == 0: s.color = 1 x = x.parent else: if s.right.color == 0: s.left.color = 0 s.color = 1 self.right_rotate(s) s = x.parent.right s.color = x.parent.color x.parent.color = 0 s.right.color = 0 self.left_rotate(x.parent) x = self.root else: s = x.parent.left if s.color == 1: s.color = 0 x.parent.color = 1 self.right_rotate(x.parent) s = x.parent.left if s.right.color == 0 and s.right.color == 0: s.color = 1 x = x.parent else: if s.left.color == 0: s.right.color = 0 s.color = 1 self.left_rotate(s) s = x.parent.left s.color = x.parent.color x.parent.color = 0 s.left.color = 0 self.right_rotate(x.parent) x = self.root x.color = 0 def __rb_transplant(self, u, v): if u.parent == None: self.root = v elif u == u.parent.left: u.parent.left = v else: u.parent.right = v v.parent = u.parent # 节点删除 def delete_node_helper(self, node, key): z = self.TNULL while node != self.TNULL: if node.item == key: z = node if node.item <= key: node = node.right else: node = node.left if z == self.TNULL: print("Cannot find key in the tree") return y = z y_original_color = y.color if z.left == self.TNULL: x = z.right self.__rb_transplant(z, z.right) elif (z.right == self.TNULL): x = z.left self.__rb_transplant(z, z.left) else: y = self.minimum(z.right) y_original_color = y.color x = y.right if y.parent == z: x.parent = y else: self.__rb_transplant(y, y.right) y.right = z.right y.right.parent = y self.__rb_transplant(z, y) y.left = z.left y.left.parent = y y.color = z.color if y_original_color == 0: self.delete_fix(x) # 插入后平衡树 def fix_insert(self, k): while k.parent.color == 1: if k.parent == k.parent.parent.right: u = k.parent.parent.left if u.color == 1: u.color = 0 k.parent.color = 0 k.parent.parent.color = 1 k = k.parent.parent else: if k == k.parent.left: k = k.parent self.right_rotate(k) k.parent.color = 0 k.parent.parent.color = 1 self.left_rotate(k.parent.parent) else: u = k.parent.parent.right if u.color == 1: u.color = 0 k.parent.color = 0 k.parent.parent.color = 1 k = k.parent.parent else: if k == k.parent.right: k = k.parent self.left_rotate(k) k.parent.color = 0 k.parent.parent.color = 1 self.right_rotate(k.parent.parent) if k == self.root: break self.root.color = 0 # Printing the tree def __print_helper(self, node, indent, last): if node != self.TNULL: sys.stdout.write(indent) if last: sys.stdout.write("R----") indent += " " else: sys.stdout.write("L----") indent += "| " s_color = "RED" if node.color == 1 else "BLACK" print(str(node.item) + "(" + s_color + ")") self.__print_helper(node.left, indent, False) self.__print_helper(node.right, indent, True) def preorder(self): self.pre_order_helper(self.root) def inorder(self): self.in_order_helper(self.root) def postorder(self): self.post_order_helper(self.root) def searchTree(self, k): return self.search_tree_helper(self.root, k) def minimum(self, node): while node.left != self.TNULL: node = node.left return node def maximum(self, node): while node.right != self.TNULL: node = node.right return node def successor(self, x): if x.right != self.TNULL: return self.minimum(x.right) y = x.parent while y != self.TNULL and x == y.right: x = y y = y.parent return y def predecessor(self, x): if (x.left != self.TNULL): return self.maximum(x.left) y = x.parent while y != self.TNULL and x == y.left: x = y y = y.parent return y def left_rotate(self, x): y = x.right x.right = y.left if y.left != self.TNULL: y.left.parent = x y.parent = x.parent if x.parent == None: self.root = y elif x == x.parent.left: x.parent.left = y else: x.parent.right = y y.left = x x.parent = y def right_rotate(self, x): y = x.left x.left = y.right if y.right != self.TNULL: y.right.parent = x y.parent = x.parent if x.parent == None: self.root = y elif x == x.parent.right: x.parent.right = y else: x.parent.left = y y.right = x x.parent = y def insert(self, key): node = Node(key) node.parent = None node.item = key node.left = self.TNULL node.right = self.TNULL node.color = 1 y = None x = self.root while x != self.TNULL: y = x if node.item < x.item: x = x.left else: x = x.right node.parent = y if y == None: self.root = node elif node.item < y.item: y.left = node else: y.right = node if node.parent == None: node.color = 0 return if node.parent.parent == None: return self.fix_insert(node) def get_root(self): return self.root def delete_node(self, item): self.delete_node_helper(self.root, item) def print_tree(self): self.__print_helper(self.root, "", True) if __name__ == "__main__": bst = RedBlackTree() bst.insert(55) bst.insert(40) bst.insert(65) bst.insert(60) bst.insert(75) bst.insert(57) bst.print_tree() print("\nAfter deleting an element") bst.delete_node(40) bst.print_tree()
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