Maison >interface Web >js tutoriel >Un article explique en détail la mise en œuvre du menu de liaison à trois niveaux avec JS (avec explication des idées)
Idée : Chaque menu déroulant, en tant que composant, peut recevoir un ensemble de données et générer différentes options de menu basées sur différents contenus de données. La corrélation entre les trois niveaux est obtenue grâce au lancer d'événements. Les données sont obtenues à partir de l'arrière-plan.
Lorsque vous cliquez sur le menu de la province pour sélectionner Shaanxi, le composant de menu lancera la province actuelle via le lancement d'événements. Après avoir connu la province, vous pouvez obtenir les données de la ville sous la province en arrière-plan. Et ainsi de suite. [Recommandations associées : Tutoriel vidéo JavaScript]
Effet de réussite :
## URL : http://10.9 72.245:4010
## Méthode : "GET"
## Format des données :
Requête : QueryString
Réponse : JSON
1. http://10.9.72.245:4010 /getProvince
2. http://10.9.72.245:4010/getCity
3. http://10.9.72.245:4010/getCounty
Nom de l'interface : /getProvince
Requête : aucun paramètre
Réponse :{"province":["Beijing","Tianjin","Hebei",...]}
Nom de l'interface :/getCity
Requête :?province="Hebei"
Réponse : {"city":["Shijiazhuang", "Tangshan", "Qinhuangdao",...]}
Nom de l'interface : /getCounty
Requête : ?city="Shijiazhuang"
Réponse : {"county":["Chang'an District", "Qiaodong District", "Qiaoxi District",...]}
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <script type="module"> import QueryString from './js/QueryString.js'; import DropDownMemu from './js/DropDownMemu.js'; let cityInfo = {}; init(); function init(){ ajax("http://10.9.72.245:4010","getProvince").then(succeseFunction).catch(failFunction); } // ajax通信成功后执行: function succeseFunction(_data){ let data = JSON.parse(_data); let key = Object.keys(data)[0]; data = Object.values(data)[0]; if(DropDownMemu.Obj[key]){ DropDownMemu.Obj[key].list = data; DropDownMemu.Obj[key].name = data[0]; }else{ let memu = new DropDownMemu(key); memu.addEventListener("change",changeHandler); memu.list = data; memu.name =data[0]; memu.appendTo("body"); cityInfo[key] = data[0]; } } // 当菜单显示内容改变时接收到菜单抛发出的事件并获取事件中携带的信息例如{"province":"陕西"}或者{"city":"西安"} function changeHandler(e){ let key = e.currentTarget.label; cityInfo[key] = e.data[key]; let interfaceName; if(e.data.province){ interfaceName = "getCity"; }else if(e.data.city){ interfaceName = "getCounty"; }else{ return } ajax("http://10.9.72.245:4010",interfaceName,cityInfo).then(succeseFunction).catch(failFunction); } /* ajax通信: 参数列表: url: 后台服务地址 interfaceType:接口类型,如 "getProvince" data:传输的数据,例如:{"province":"陕西"} 通信类型type:默认"GET"请求 是否以json格式发送数据:默认为false */ function ajax(url,interfaceType,data,type="get",json=false){ type = type.toUpperCase(); let o = type==="GET"? null : data; if(data) data = json? JSON.stringify(data) : QueryString.stringify(data); else data = ""; return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){ let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open(type,url + "/" + interfaceType + (type==="GET"? "?"+data : "")); xhr.send(o); xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ if(xhr.readyState===4 && xhr.status===200){ resolve(xhr.response); }else if(xhr.readyState===4){ resolve(xhr.status); } } xhr.onerror= function(){ reject(xhr.response); } }) } // ajax通信失败时执行 function failFunction(_err){ console.log(_err); } </script> </body> </html>
import Component from "./Component.js"; export default class DropDownMemu extends Component { _list; // 当前下拉菜单的可选项。 _name; // 当前选择显示的名字例如: "北京" label; // 当前下拉菜单的标签,province city county spanLabel; // 标签容器 spanCaret; // 三角形 ul; // 下拉选项容器 bool=false; // 控制鼠标事件,聚焦状态或正在选择时,不触发鼠标划入滑出效果。 // 根据不同的状态设置下拉菜单的样式。 static DROPDOWN = Symbol(); static DEFAULT = Symbol(); // 静态全局变量 每创建一个下拉菜单,都存储到这个对象中,全局管理创建的每一个下拉菜单。 static Obj = {}; constructor(_label) { super("p"); this.label = _label; // 创建HTML结构 this.render(); // 设置样式 this.setStyle(); // 鼠标滑入滑出点击,聚焦失焦,点击事件 this.elem.addEventListener("focusin", e =>this.mouseHandler(e)); this.elem.addEventListener("focusout", e =>this.mouseHandler(e)); this.elem.addEventListener("mouseenter", e=>this.mouseHandler(e)); this.elem.addEventListener("mouseleave", e=>this.mouseHandler(e)); this.elem.addEventListener("click", e => this.mouseHandler(e)); } mouseHandler(e){ switch(e.type){ case "mouseenter": if(this.bool) return this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#e6e6e6"; break; case "mouseleave": if(this.bool) return this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#fff"; break; case "focusin": this.setState(DropDownMemu.DROPDOWN); this.bool = true; break; case "focusout": this.setState(DropDownMemu.DEFAULT); this.bool = false; case "click" : if(e.target.constructor !== HTMLLIElement) return this._name = e.target.textContent; // 当点击时修改当前显示的内容,重设样式,并抛发事件告知外部当前的内容。 this.setContent(); let evt = new FocusEvent("focusout"); this.elem.dispatchEvent(evt); } } set name(_name){ this._name = _name; this.setContent(); } get name(){ return this._name; } set list(_list){ this._list = _list; this.ul.innerHTML = ""; this.ul.appendChild(this.createLi()); } // 修改菜单当前显示的内容并并抛发数据 setContent(_name){ this._name = _name || this._name; this.spanLabel.textContent = this._name; let evt = new MouseEvent("change"); if(!evt.data) evt.data = {} evt.data[this.label] = this._name; this.dispatchEvent(evt); } // 根据指定的list创建下拉菜单选项。 createLi(_list){ this._list = _list || this._list; let elem = document.createDocumentFragment(); this._list.forEach((item, index) => { let li = document.createElement("li"); li.textContent = item; Object.assign(li.style, { lineHeight:"26px", padding:"0 15px", }) elem.appendChild(li); }) return elem; } setState(type){ switch(type){ case DropDownMemu.DROPDOWN: this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#e6e6e6"; this.ul.style.display = "block"; break; case DropDownMemu.DEFAULT: this.elem.style.backgroundColor = "#fff"; this.ul.style.display = "none"; break; } } appendTo(parent){ super.appendTo(parent); DropDownMemu.Obj[this.label] = this; } render() { this.elem.setAttribute("tabIndex",1); this.spanLabel = document.createElement("span"); this.spanCaret = document.createElement("span"); this.ul = document.createElement("ul"); this.elem.appendChild(this.ul); this.spanLabel.textContent = this._name; this.elem.appendChild(this.spanLabel); this.elem.appendChild(this.spanCaret); } setStyle() { Object.assign(this.elem.style, { float: "left", minHeight: "20px", minWidht: "80px", color: "#333", fontWeight: "normal", textAlign: "center", whiteSpace: "nowrap", verticalAlign: "middle", cursor: "pointer", border: "1px solid #ccc", borderRadius: "4px", backgroundColor: "#fff", padding: "6px 12px", fontSize: "14px", userSelect: "none", marginRight: "100px", position:"relative", }); Object.assign(this.spanLabel.style, { float: "left", padding: "0 5px" }) Object.assign(this.spanCaret.style, { display: "inline-block", verticalAlign: "middle", borderTop: "4px dashed", borderRight: "4px solid transparent", borderLeft: "4px solid transparent", }) Object.assign(this.ul.style, { listStyle: "none", position: "absolute", top: "100%", left: "0", zIndex: "1000", minWidth: "100px", padding: "5px 0px", margin: "2px 0 0", fontSize: "14px", textAlign: "left", backgroundColor: "#fff", border: "1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)", borderRadius: "4px", boxShadow: "0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175)", display: "none", }) } }
export default class Component extends EventTarget{ elem; constructor(_type){ super(); this.elem = this.createElem(_type); } createElem(_type){ let elem = document.createElement(_type); return elem; } appendTo(parent){ if(typeof parent==="string") parent = document.querySelector(parent); parent.appendChild(this.elem); } }
let http = require("http"); let querystring = require("querystring"); let data, req, res; // 读取所有城市数据并解析为对象,同步读取。 let fs = require("fs"); let allCityInfo = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./city.json')); let server = http.createServer(listenerHandler); server.listen(4010,"10.9.72.245",listenerDoneHandler); function listenerHandler(_req,_res){ req = _req; res = _res; res.writeHead(200,{ "content-type":"text/html;charset=utf-8", "Access-Control-Allow-Origin":"*", "Access-Control-Allow-Headers":"*", }); data=""; req.on("data",function(_data){ data=_data; }) req.on("end",receiveHandler); } function receiveHandler(){ // console.log(allCityInfo); // 根据请求头的url解析接口类型 let type = req.url.trim().split("?")[0].replace(/\//g,""); console.log(type); // 根据请求头的url解析传入的参数 if(req.method.toUpperCase()==="GET"){ if(req.url.includes("favicon.ico")) return res.end(); else data = req.url.includes("?") ? req.url.split("?")[1] : ""; } try{ data = JSON.parse(data); }catch{ data = querystring.parse(data); } console.log(data); // 根据接口类型查找数据。 let list = {}; switch(type){ case "getProvince": list.province = Object.keys(allCityInfo); break; case "getCity" : list.city = Object.keys(allCityInfo[data.province]); break; case "getCounty": list.county = allCityInfo[data.province][data.city]; break; } console.log(list); res.write(JSON.stringify(list)); res.end() } function listenerDoneHandler(){ console.log("开启服务成功"); }
{
"Beijing": {
"Beijing": ["Dongcheng District", "Xicheng District", "Chongwen District", "Xuanwu District", « District de Chaoyang », « District de Fengtai », « District de Shijingshan », « District de Haidian », « District de Mentougou », « District de Fangshan », « District de Tongzhou », « District de Shunyi », « District de Changping », « District de Daxing » , "District de Pinggu", "District de Huairou", "Comté de Miyun", "Comté de Yanqing", "Autres"]
},
"Tianjin": {
"Tianjin": ["District de Heping", "District de Hedong", "District de Hexi", "District de Nankai", "District de Hebei", "District de Hongjie", "Nouveau district de Binhai", "District de Dongli", "Xi " District de Qing", "District de Jinnan", "District de Beichen", "District de Ninghe", "District de Wuqing", "Comté de Jinghai", "District de Baodi", "Jixian", "District de Tanggu", "District de Hangu", "Dagang District", "District de Baodi", "Autres"]
},
}
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