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ArrayList简介:ArrayList是一个数组队列,相当于一个动态的数组,容量可以动态的增长;它继承了AbstractList并实现了List,RandomAccess,Cloneable、Serializable这些接口。
特性:
(1)ArrayList继承了AbstractList,实现了List,它是一个数组队列,提供了相关的添加、删除、修改、遍历等功能。
(2)ArrayList实现了RandomAccess接口,提供了随机访问功能,RandomAccess是Java中用来被List实现,为List提供快速访问功能的;还可以通过元素下标进行快速随机访问。
(3)ArrayList实现了Cloneable接口,覆盖了函数clone(),可以被克隆。
(4)ArrayList实现了Serializable接口,可以被序列化,通过网络传输。
(5)ArrayList不是线程安全的,建议在单线程中使用。
(6)ArrayList是使用elementData一个Object[] 数组来动态存储数据的。
(7)对象数组的初始大小为10,数组大小调整方式是newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
arraylist支持三种遍历方式:
(1)通过迭代器进行遍历,即通过Itreator去遍历
Integer value=Iterator iter=list.iterator()(iter.hasNext()) { value=(Interger)iter.next()}
(2)随机访问模式,通过索引值去遍历所有元素
Interger value=size=list.size()fo(i=i<i></i><p>(3)for循环遍历<span style="line-height:1.5"> </span></p><pre class="brush:java;toolbar:false">Integer value=(Integer inte : list) { value=inte}
三种遍历方式中通过索引去遍历速度最快,通过迭代器去遍历速度最慢。
示例程序:
public class Hello { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); list.add("1"); list.add("2"); list.add("3"); list.add("4"); list.add(0, "5"); System.out.println("the first element is: "+ list.get(0)); list.remove("3"); System.out.println("Arraylist size=: "+ list.size()); System.out.println("ArrayList contains 3 is: "+ list.contains(3)); list.set(1, "10"); for(Iterator iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { System.out.println("next is: "+ iter.next()); } String[] arr = (String[])list.toArray(new String[0]); for (String str:arr) System.out.println("str: "+ str); list.clear(); System.out.println("ArrayList is empty: "+ list.isEmpty()); } }
运行结果:
the first element is: 5 Arraylist size=: 4 ArrayList contains 3 is: false next is: 5 next is: 10 next is: 2 next is: 4 str: 5 str: 10 str: 2 str: 4 ArrayList is empty: true
ArrayList源代码分析:
// Arraylist继承了AbstractList 实现了List,RandomAccess,Cloneable,Serializable接口
public class ArrayList<e> extends AbstractList<e> implements List<e>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L; //序列化ID private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; //初始大小为10,会动态增加 private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};//空的数组实例 private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; transient Object[] elementData; // ArrayList用来存储对象的数组 private int size;//数组中包含对象的个数 //ArrayList构造函数,构造初始大小的elementData public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity > 0) { this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } else if (initialCapacity == 0) { this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); } } //构造函数,初始化大小为10的数组 public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } //带有Collection的构造函数 public ArrayList(Collection extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) { // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); } else { // replace with empty array. this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } } //当前容量值设置为实际个数 public void trimToSize() { modCount++; if (size minExpand) { ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); } } private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); } ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); } private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { modCount++; // overflow-conscious code if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) grow(minCapacity); } //最大的容量分配 private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length; int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); } private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (minCapacity MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; } //返回ArrayList的大小 public int size() { return size; } //判断ArrayList是否为空 public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } //判断是否含有某个对象 public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) >= 0; } //查找对象,返回坐标 public int indexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = 0; i = 0; i--) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; } //返回一个影子对象克隆 public Object clone() { try { ArrayList> v = (ArrayList>) super.clone(); v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); v.modCount = 0; return v; } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable throw new InternalError(e); } } //返回一个包含所有ArrayList元素的数组 public Object[] toArray() { return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); } //返回泛型对象数组,一般使用这个不是上边那个 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <t> T[] toArray(T[] a) { if (a.length size) a[size] = null; return a; } //得到指定下标的对象 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E elementData(int index) { return (E) elementData[index]; } //得到指定下标的对象,并对下标进行判断 public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index); return elementData(index); } //替换指定下标的对象,会检查下标并返回 public E set(int index, E element) { rangeCheck(index); E oldValue = elementData(index); elementData[index] = element; return oldValue; } //追加对象 public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; } //在指定的下标后增加对象 public void add(int index, E element) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); elementData[index] = element; size++; } //删除指定坐标的对象 public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work return oldValue; } // 删除ArrayList第一次出现的对象o public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int index = 0; index 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work } //清空ArrayList public void clear() { modCount++; // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = 0; i c) { Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; } //在ArrayList中的某个坐标后追加集合c public boolean addAll(int index, Collection extends E> c) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount int numMoved = size - index; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved); System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; } //删除范围中的对象 protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { modCount++; int numMoved = size - toIndex; System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex, numMoved); // clear to let GC do its work int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex); for (int i = newSize; i = size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } //在添加或者添加所有的时候范围检查 private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { if (index > size || index c) { Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, false); } public boolean retainAll(Collection> c) { Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, true); } //删除c中的在ArrayList中存在或者不存在的 private boolean batchRemove(Collection> c, boolean complement) { final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; int r = 0, w = 0; boolean modified = false; try { for (; r 0) { // be like clone(), allocate array based upon size not capacity ensureCapacityInternal(size); Object[] a = elementData; // Read in all elements in the proper order. for (int i=0; i<size> listIterator(int index) { if (index size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index); return new ListItr(index); } public ListIterator<e> listIterator() { return new ListItr(0); } public Iterator<e> iterator() { return new Itr(); } private class Itr implements Iterator<e> { int cursor; // index of next element to return int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such int expectedModCount = modCount; public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } public void remove() { if (lastRet consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = ArrayList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic cursor = i; lastRet = i - 1; checkForComodification(); } final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<e> { ListItr(int index) { super(); cursor = index; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0; } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E previous() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i = elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } public void set(E e) { if (lastRet subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex); } static void subListRangeCheck(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int size) { if (fromIndex size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex); if (fromIndex > toIndex) throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex + ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")"); } private class SubList extends AbstractList<e> implements RandomAccess { private final AbstractList<e> parent; private final int parentOffset; private final int offset; int size; SubList(AbstractList<e> parent, int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) { this.parent = parent; this.parentOffset = fromIndex; this.offset = offset + fromIndex; this.size = toIndex - fromIndex; this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } public E set(int index, E e) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e; return oldValue; } public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); } public int size() { checkForComodification(); return this.size; } public void add(int index, E e) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); checkForComodification(); parent.add(parentOffset + index, e); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size++; } public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size--; return result; } protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { checkForComodification(); parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex, parentOffset + toIndex); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size -= toIndex - fromIndex; } public boolean addAll(Collection extends E> c) { return addAll(this.size, c); } public boolean addAll(int index, Collection extends E> c) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); int cSize = c.size(); if (cSize==0) return false; checkForComodification(); parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size += cSize; return true; } public Iterator<e> iterator() { return listIterator(); } public ListIterator<e> listIterator(final int index) { checkForComodification(); rangeCheckForAdd(index); final int offset = this.offset; return new ListIterator<e>() { int cursor = index; int lastRet = -1; int expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != SubList.this.size; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= SubList.this.size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E previous() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i = elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i; return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void forEachRemaining(Consumer super E> consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = SubList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[offset + (i++)]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic lastRet = cursor = i; checkForComodification(); } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } public void remove() { if (lastRet subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); return new SubList(this, offset, fromIndex, toIndex); } private void rangeCheck(int index) { if (index = this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { if (index this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+this.size; } private void checkForComodification() { if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } public Spliterator<e> spliterator() { checkForComodification(); return new ArrayListSpliterator<e>(ArrayList.this, offset, offset + this.size, this.modCount); } } @Override public void forEach(Consumer super E> action) { Objects.requireNonNull(action); final int expectedModCount = modCount; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final E[] elementData = (E[]) this.elementData; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i spliterator() { return new ArrayListSpliterator(this, 0, -1, 0); } /** Index-based split-by-two, lazily initialized Spliterator */ static final class ArrayListSpliterator<e> implements Spliterator<e> { private final ArrayList<e> list; private int index; // current index, modified on advance/split private int fence; // -1 until used; then one past last index private int expectedModCount; // initialized when fence set /** Create new spliterator covering the given range */ ArrayListSpliterator(ArrayList<e> list, int origin, int fence, int expectedModCount) { this.list = list; // OK if null unless traversed this.index = origin; this.fence = fence; this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount; } private int getFence() { // initialize fence to size on first use int hi; // (a specialized variant appears in method forEach) ArrayList<e> lst; if ((hi = fence) trySplit() { int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1; return (lo >= mid) ? null : // pide range in half unless too small new ArrayListSpliterator<e>(list, lo, index = mid, expectedModCount); } public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer super E> action) { if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int hi = getFence(), i = index; if (i action) { int i, hi, mc; // hoist accesses and checks from loop ArrayList<e> lst; Object[] a; if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException(); if ((lst = list) != null && (a = lst.elementData) != null) { if ((hi = fence) = 0 && (index = hi) filter) { Objects.requireNonNull(filter); // figure out which elements are to be removed // any exception thrown from the filter predicate at this stage // will leave the collection unmodified int removeCount = 0; final BitSet removeSet = new BitSet(size); final int expectedModCount = modCount; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i 0; if (anyToRemove) { final int newSize = size - removeCount; for (int i=0, j=0; (i operator) { Objects.requireNonNull(operator); final int expectedModCount = modCount; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i c) { final int expectedModCount = modCount; Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c); if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } modCount++; } }</e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></e></size></t></e></e></e>
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