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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialshell脚本做文本解析同php和python比哪个效率更高?

shell中有很多强大的命令,比如awk、sort、grep等,这些命令的执行效率同php和python这样的语言实现相比哪个更高呢?

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N年前为了每天分析数十GB的日志,正好做过测试。测试是在Linux环境下(Redhat ES 3),测试处理一个数百兆的日志文件进行汇总分析(邮件日志),分别用C, Perl, Python,Shell做同样的处理。处理速度排名是C>>Perl>python>shell。C是最快的,比别的快上至少一个数量级;其次是Perl,毕竟是为文本处理而生,最强的内置正则表达式;Python比Perl慢了点,记得速度是Perl的60%左右;shell最慢,虽然sed, grep,awk都不慢(其实都是C写的),但通过shell组合在一起效率还是差了不少。 服务器上临时分析一些日志数据的时候基本都是awk sort grep uniq sed之类,性能帅得很。
如果是长期需要处理的功能,一般都会做成php或者python脚本,多数会丢crontab里运行去。

量级不大的时候,开发效率、可维护性往往比性能更重要。 当性能更重要时,shell php python这些都不是好选择。 hadoop之类的并行计算方案会更靠谱,毕竟单位节点的计算能力是很容易触顶的。 处理的数据量较小的情况下,一般使用 shell。功能齐全,信手拈来,很方便,速度也很快。
在数据量较大的情况下就建议用高级语言了。如果是重复性的记得写成脚本,方便复用。
数据量大可能会导致出错以及性能问题,之前就遇到过一个问题,将一个文件作为查询条件用grep在另一个文件中查找,死活查不出来的情况...还有一个更奇葩,几百万行的一个文本用 uniq 去重之后还是各种重复。。。 普通功能,shell的效率高,因为这些经典命令内部大多是C/C++实现的。
但在一些偏僻或者复杂功能中,限于这些命令本身的功能,需要“曲线救国”,反复倒腾数据才能达到最终结果。
这时候,直接用php、python,速度就更快。
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