cURL快速入门,PHP
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基于PHP的cURL快速入门 cURL 是一个利用URL语法规定来传输文件和数据的工具,支持很多协议,如HTTP、FTP、TELNET等。最爽的是,PHP也支持 cURL 库。本文将介绍 cURL 的一些高级特性,以及在PHP中如何运用它。
为什么要用 cURL?
是的,我们可以通过其他办法获取网页内容。大多数时候,我因为想偷懒,都直接用简单的PHP函数:
$content = file_get_contents("http://www.php.cn")
// or
$lines = file("http://www.php.cn")
// or
readfile(http://www.php.cn)
不过,这种做法缺乏灵活性和有效的错误处理。而且,你也不能用它完成一些高难度任务——比如处理coockies、验证、表单提交、文件上传等等。 cURL 是一种功能强大的库,支持很多不同的协议、选项,能提供 URL 请求相关的各种细节信息。
基本结构
在学习更为复杂的功能之前,先来看一下在PHP中建立cURL请求的基本步骤:
1.
2.
3.
4. 初始化 设置变量 执行并获取结果 释放cURL句柄
// 1. 初始化
$ch = curl_init()
// 2. 设置选项,包括URL
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.php.cn")
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1)
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0)
// 3. 执行并获取HTML文档内容
$output = curl_exec($ch)
// 4. 释放curl句柄
curl_close($ch)
第二步(也就是 curl_setopt() )最为重要,一切玄妙均在此。有一长串cURL参数可供设置,它们能指定URL请求的各个细节。要一次性全部看完并理解可 能比较困难,所以今天我们只试一下那些更常用也更有用的选项。
检查错误
你可以加一段检查错误的语句(虽然这并不是必需的):
// ...
$output = curl_exec($ch)
if ($output === FALSE) {
echo "cURL Error: " . curl_error($ch)
}
// ...
请注意,比较的时候我们用的是“===FALSE”,而非“==FALSE”。因为我们得区分 空输出 和 布尔值FALSE,后者才是真正的错误。 获取信息
这是另一个可选的设置项,能够在cURL执行后获取这一请求的有关信息:
// ...
curl_exec($ch)
$info = curl_getinfo($ch)
echo '获取'. $info['url'] . '耗时'. $info['total_time'] . '秒'
// ...
返回的数组中包括了以下信息:
“url” //资源网络地址
“content_type” //内容编码
l “http_code” //HTTP状态码 l l

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