本文以实例形式讲述了Python中切片操作的用法,分享给大家供大家参考借鉴,具体如下:
取一个list或tuple的部分元素是非常常见的操作。比如,一个list如下:
>>> L = ['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy', 'Bob', 'Jack']
取前3个元素,应该怎么做呢?
比较笨的办法如下:
>>> [L[0], L[1], L[2]] ['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']
之所以是笨办法是因为扩展一下,取前N个元素就没辙了。
取前N个元素,也就是索引为0-(N-1)的元素,可以用循环:
>>> r = [] >>> n = 3 >>> for i in range(n): ... r.append(L[i]) ... >>> r ['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']
对这种经常取指定索引范围的操作,用循环十分繁琐,因此,Python提供了切片(Slice)操作符,能大大简化这种操作。
对应上面的问题,取前3个元素,用一行代码就可以完成切片:
>>> L[0:3] ['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']
L[0:3]表示,从索引0开始取,直到索引3为止,但不包括索引3。即索引0,1,2,正好是3个元素。
如果第一个索引是0,还可以省略:
>>> L[:3] ['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']
也可以从索引1开始,取出2个元素出来:
>>> L[1:3] ['Sarah', 'Tracy']
类似的,既然Python支持L[-1]取倒数第一个元素,那么它同样支持倒数切片,试试:
>>> L[-2:] ['Bob', 'Jack'] >>> L[-2:-1] ['Bob']
记住倒数最后一个元素的索引是-1。
切片操作十分有用。我们先创建一个0-99的数列:
>>> L = range(100) >>> L [0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 99]
可以通过切片轻松取出某一段数列。比如前10个数:
>>> L[:10] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
后10个数:
>>> L[-10:] [90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
前11-20个数:
>>> L[10:20] [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
前10个数,每两个取一个:
>>> L[:10:2] [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
所有数,每5个取一个:
>>> L[::5] [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95]
甚至什么都不写,只写[:]就可以原样复制一个list:
>>> L[:] [0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 99]
tuple也是一种list,唯一区别是tuple不可变。因此,tuple也可以用切片操作,只是操作的结果仍是tuple:
>>> (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)[:3] (0, 1, 2)
字符串'xxx'或Unicode字符串u'xxx'也可以看成是一种list,每个元素就是一个字符。因此,字符串也可以用切片操作,只是操作结果仍是字符串:
>>> 'ABCDEFG'[:3] 'ABC' >>> 'ABCDEFG'[::2] 'ACEG'
在很多编程语言中,针对字符串提供了很多各种截取函数,其实目的就是对字符串切片。Python没有针对字符串的截取函数,只需要切片一个操作就可以完成,非常简单。
总结:
有了切片操作,很多地方循环就不再需要了。Python的切片非常灵活,一行代码就可以实现很多行循环才能完成的操作。
希望本文所述实例对大家进一步掌握Python程序设计能有所帮助。

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