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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython 文件操作技巧(File operation) 实例代码分析

常用的module是 os ,os.path 和shutil,所以要先引入他们.

python遍历文件夹和文件
这个也许是最常用的功能,如下:

代码如下:


import os 
import os.path 

rootdir = "D:\\programmer\\training" 
for parent, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(rootdir): 
    #case 1: 
    for dirname in dirnames: 
        print "parent is:" + parent 
        print "dirname is:" + dirname 
    #case 2 
    for filename in filenames: 
        print "parent is:" + parent 
        print "filename with full path :" + os.path.join(parent, filename) 


解释说明:

1.os.walk返回一个三元组.其中dirnames是所有文件夹名字(不包含路径),filenames是所有文件的名字(不包含路径).parent表示父目录.
2.case1 演示了如何遍历所有目录.
3.case2 演示了如何遍历所有文件.
4.os.path.join(dirname,filename) : 将形如"/a/b/c"和"d.java"变成/a/b/c/d.java".


perl分割路径和文件名
常用函数有三种:分隔路径,找出文件名.找出盘符(windows系统),找出文件的扩展名.

代码如下:


import os.path 

spath="D:/download/flight/flighthtml.txt" 

# case 1: 
p,f=os.path.split(spath); 
print "dir is:"+p 
print "file is:"+f 

# case 2: 
drv,left=os.path.splitdrive(spath); 
print "driver is:"+drv 
print "left is:"+left 
# case 3: 
f,ext=os.path.splitext(spath); 
print "f is:"+f 
print "ext is:"+ext 


这三个函数都返回二元组.
1.case1 分隔目录和文件名
2.case2 分隔盘符和文件名
3.case3 分隔文件和扩展名
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