本文实例讲述了Python实现的数据结构与算法之队列。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:
一、概述
队列(Queue)是一种先进先出(FIFO)的线性数据结构,插入操作在队尾(rear)进行,删除操作在队首(front)进行。
二、ADT
队列ADT(抽象数据类型)一般提供以下接口:
① Queue() 创建队列
② enqueue(item) 向队尾插入项
③ dequeue() 返回队首的项,并从队列中删除该项
④ empty() 判断队列是否为空
⑤ size() 返回队列中项的个数
队列操作的示意图如下:
三、Python实现
使用Python的内建类型list列表,可以很方便地实现队列ADT:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- class Queue: def __init__(self): self.items = [] def enqueue(self, item): self.items.append(item) def dequeue(self): return self.items.pop(0) def empty(self): return self.size() == 0 def size(self): return len(self.items)
四、应用
著名的 约瑟夫斯问题(Josephus Problem)是应用队列(确切地说,是循环队列)的典型案例。在 约瑟夫斯问题 中,参与者围成一个圆圈,从某个人(队首)开始报数,报数到n+1的人退出圆圈,然后从退出人的下一位重新开始报数;重复以上动作,直到只剩下一个人为止。
值得注意的是,Queue类只实现了简单队列,上述问题实际上需要用循环队列来解决。在报数过程中,通过“将(从队首)出队的人再入队(到队尾)”来模拟循环队列的行为。具体代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- def josephus(namelist, num): simqueue = Queue() for name in namelist: simqueue.enqueue(name) while simqueue.size() > 1: for i in xrange(num): simqueue.enqueue(simqueue.dequeue()) simqueue.dequeue() return simqueue.dequeue() if __name__ == '__main__': print(josephus(["Bill", "David", "Kent", "Jane", "Susan", "Brad"], 3))
运行结果:
$ python josephus.py Susan
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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