python的os module中有fork()函数用于生成子进程,生成的子进程是父进程的镜像,但是它们有各自的地址空间,子进程复制一份父进程内存给自己,两个进程之 间的执行是相互独立的,其执行顺序可以是不确定的、随机的、不可预测的,这点与多线程的执行顺序相似。
import os def child(): print 'A new child:', os.getpid() print 'Parent id is:', os.getppid() os._exit(0) def parent(): while True: newpid=os.fork() print newpid if newpid==0: child() else: pids=(os.getpid(),newpid) print "parent:%d,child:%d"%pids print "parent parent:",os.getppid() if raw_input()=='q': break parent()
在我们加载了os模块之后,我们parent函数中fork()函数生成了一个子进程,返回值newpid有两个,一个为0,用以表示子进程,一个是大于 0的整数,用以表示父进程,这个常数正是子进程的pid. 通过print语句我们可以清晰看到两个返回值。如果fork()返回值是一个负值,则表明子进程生成不成功(这个简单程序中没有考虑这种情况)。如果 newpid==0,则表明我们进入到了子进程,也就是child()函数中,在子进程中我们输出了自己的id和父进程的id。如果进入了else语句, 则表明newpid>0,我们进入到父进程中,在父进程中os.getpid()得到自己的id,fork()返回值newpid表示了子进程的id,同时我们输出了父进程的父进程的id. 通过实验我们可以看到if和else语句的执行顺序是不确定的,子、父进程的执行顺序由操作系统的调度算法来决定。

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