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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial在Python下进行UDP网络编程的教程

TCP是建立可靠连接,并且通信双方都可以以流的形式发送数据。相对TCP,UDP则是面向无连接的协议。

使用UDP协议时,不需要建立连接,只需要知道对方的IP地址和端口号,就可以直接发数据包。但是,能不能到达就不知道了。

虽然用UDP传输数据不可靠,但它的优点是和TCP比,速度快,对于不要求可靠到达的数据,就可以使用UDP协议。

我们来看看如何通过UDP协议传输数据。和TCP类似,使用UDP的通信双方也分为客户端和服务器。服务器首先需要绑定端口:

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 绑定端口:
s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9999))

创建Socket时,SOCK_DGRAM指定了这个Socket的类型是UDP。绑定端口和TCP一样,但是不需要调用listen()方法,而是直接接收来自任何客户端的数据:

print 'Bind UDP on 9999...'
while True:
  # 接收数据:
  data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024)
  print 'Received from %s:%s.' % addr
  s.sendto('Hello, %s!' % data, addr)

recvfrom()方法返回数据和客户端的地址与端口,这样,服务器收到数据后,直接调用sendto()就可以把数据用UDP发给客户端。

注意这里省掉了多线程,因为这个例子很简单。

客户端使用UDP时,首先仍然创建基于UDP的Socket,然后,不需要调用connect(),直接通过sendto()给服务器发数据:

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
for data in ['Michael', 'Tracy', 'Sarah']:
  # 发送数据:
  s.sendto(data, ('127.0.0.1', 9999))
  # 接收数据:
  print s.recv(1024)
s.close()

从服务器接收数据仍然调用recv()方法。

仍然用两个命令行分别启动服务器和客户端测试,结果如下:

2015429111405404.png (469×342)

小结

UDP的使用与TCP类似,但是不需要建立连接。此外,服务器绑定UDP端口和TCP端口互不冲突,也就是说,UDP的9999端口与TCP的9999端口可以各自绑定。

源码参考:https://github.com/michaelliao/learn-python/tree/master/socket

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