导入模块
import 语句
想使用Python源文件,只需在另一个源文件里执行import语句,语法如下:
import module1[, module2[,... moduleN]
当解释器遇到import语句,如果模块在当前的搜索路径就会被导入。
搜索路径是一个解释器会先进行搜索的所有目录的列表。如想要导入模块hello.py,需要把命令放在脚本的顶端:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 导入模块 import support # 现在可以调用模块里包含的函数了 support.print_func("Zara")
以上实例输出结果:
Hello : Zara
一个模块只会被导入一次,不管你执行了多少次import。这样可以防止导入模块被一遍又一遍地执行。
From…import 语句
Python的from语句让你从模块中导入一个指定的部分到当前命名空间中。语法如下:
from modname import name1[, name2[, ... nameN]]
例如,要导入模块fib的fibonacci函数,使用如下语句:
from fib import fibonacci
这个声明不会把整个fib模块导入到当前的命名空间中,它只会将fib里的fibonacci单个引入到执行这个声明的模块的全局符号表。
From…import* 语句
把一个模块的所有内容全都导入到当前的命名空间也是可行的,只需使用如下声明:
from modname import *
这提供了一个简单的方法来导入一个模块中的所有项目。然而这种声明不该被过多地使用。
读取键盘输入
Python提供了两个内置函数从标准输入读入一行文本,默认的标准输入是键盘。如下:
raw_input
input
raw_input函数
raw_input([prompt]) 函数从标准输入读取一个行,并返回一个字符串(去掉结尾的换行符):
#!/usr/bin/python str = raw_input("Enter your input: "); print "Received input is : ", str
这将提示你输入任意字符串,然后在屏幕上显示相同的字符串。当我输入"Hello Python!",它的输出如下:
Enter your input: Hello Python Received input is : Hello Python
input函数
input([prompt]) 函数和raw_input([prompt]) 函数基本可以互换,但是input会假设你的输入是一个有效的Python表达式,并返回运算结果。
#!/usr/bin/python str = input("Enter your input: "); print "Received input is : ", str
这会产生如下的对应着输入的结果:
Enter your input: [x*5 for x in range(2,10,2)] Recieved input is : [10, 20, 30, 40]

TomergelistsinPython,youcanusethe operator,extendmethod,listcomprehension,oritertools.chain,eachwithspecificadvantages:1)The operatorissimplebutlessefficientforlargelists;2)extendismemory-efficientbutmodifiestheoriginallist;3)listcomprehensionoffersf

In Python 3, two lists can be connected through a variety of methods: 1) Use operator, which is suitable for small lists, but is inefficient for large lists; 2) Use extend method, which is suitable for large lists, with high memory efficiency, but will modify the original list; 3) Use * operator, which is suitable for merging multiple lists, without modifying the original list; 4) Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets, with high memory efficiency.

Using the join() method is the most efficient way to connect strings from lists in Python. 1) Use the join() method to be efficient and easy to read. 2) The cycle uses operators inefficiently for large lists. 3) The combination of list comprehension and join() is suitable for scenarios that require conversion. 4) The reduce() method is suitable for other types of reductions, but is inefficient for string concatenation. The complete sentence ends.

PythonexecutionistheprocessoftransformingPythoncodeintoexecutableinstructions.1)Theinterpreterreadsthecode,convertingitintobytecode,whichthePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)executes.2)TheGlobalInterpreterLock(GIL)managesthreadexecution,potentiallylimitingmul

Key features of Python include: 1. The syntax is concise and easy to understand, suitable for beginners; 2. Dynamic type system, improving development speed; 3. Rich standard library, supporting multiple tasks; 4. Strong community and ecosystem, providing extensive support; 5. Interpretation, suitable for scripting and rapid prototyping; 6. Multi-paradigm support, suitable for various programming styles.

Python is an interpreted language, but it also includes the compilation process. 1) Python code is first compiled into bytecode. 2) Bytecode is interpreted and executed by Python virtual machine. 3) This hybrid mechanism makes Python both flexible and efficient, but not as fast as a fully compiled language.

Useaforloopwheniteratingoverasequenceorforaspecificnumberoftimes;useawhileloopwhencontinuinguntilaconditionismet.Forloopsareidealforknownsequences,whilewhileloopssuitsituationswithundeterminediterations.

Pythonloopscanleadtoerrorslikeinfiniteloops,modifyinglistsduringiteration,off-by-oneerrors,zero-indexingissues,andnestedloopinefficiencies.Toavoidthese:1)Use'i


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