据国外媒体报道,日益复杂精细的照片编辑软件让人们能够对相片进行修改,有人修改照片只是出于兴趣,而有人则借此实施欺诈行为。
目前,研究者们正在研究一系列数字取证工具,其中包括用于分析图片光线的工具,目的是希望更加容易地辨别照片是否经过处理。麻省理工学院脑科学及认知科学研究学者迈卡·奇摩·约翰森(Micah Kimo Johnson)称,在这些工具当中,光线分析工具尤其有用,原因是“很难”不留一丝痕迹地“伪造光线”。因此,即使在肉眼看来伪造得十分良好的照片,都有可能通过使用光线分析工具而发现被处理过的蛛丝马迹。
许多照片造假的方式是将两张或更多照片的不同部分拼接成一张照片,而拼接所得照片的不同部分有时会在光线状况上有细微差别。约翰森称,观察力强的人可能会注意到这些差别,但从理论上来说,“人对光线的感觉十分迟钝”。他表示,在这种情况下,光线分析工具就变得非常有用了,原因是它能够帮助人们量化光线的不规则性,且其分析复杂光线状况的能力远高于人的肉眼。举例来说,这种工具可以对作为呈堂证据的照片进行检测,并给出殷实的相关信息。约翰森指出,在不同的室内环境下有许多光线来源,如电灯光源和窗口光源等,每个光源都会增加照片整体光照效果的复杂性。
鉴别PS造假照片新法宝:光线分析工具
只有专业用户才能使用约翰森研究开发的光线分析工具。这种工具的工作原理是,基于从一张照片表面上不同部分所取得的线索,制作出整张照片的光谱模型,这对包含单一色彩表面的照片尤其有效。用户可以指定某个需要鉴别的照片表面进行分析,就可以得到一套系数来代入一个复杂的、反映该表面周围整体光线环境的方程式,然后与其他表面的分析、计算结果进行比较,如果其差异超出了特定范围,则这张照片就有可能曾被处理过。
达特茅斯大学计算机科学教授、约翰森的合作者哈尼·法立德(Hany Farid)称:“对于照片篡改来说,没有所谓的‘银纽扣’。”他指出,各种照片造假都可以通过不同的工具加以鉴别。

Photoshop can be obtained by purchasing a permanent license or subscribing to CreativeCloud. 1. Purchase a permanent license for long-term use, no monthly payment, but no latest updates are available. 2. Subscribe to CreativeCloud to access the latest version and other Adobe software, and you need to pay a monthly or annual fee. The choice should be based on frequency of use and requirements.

Photoshop is specialized in image editing, layering and masking, digital painting and a variety of design applications. 1) Image editing and repair: remove defects and adjust color and brightness. 2) Layers and masks: non-destructive editing and creation. 3) Digital paintings and illustrations: create art works. 4) Practical applications: graphic design, web design and digital art creation.

Photoshop is very practical and creative in practical applications. 1) It provides basic editing, repairing and synthesis functions, suitable for beginners and professionals. 2) Advanced features such as content recognition fill and layer style can improve image effects. 3) Mastering shortcut keys and optimizing layer structure can improve work efficiency.

Advanced features of Adobe Photoshop include advanced selection tools, layer blending modes, and actions and scripts. 1) Advanced selection tools such as the Quick Selection Tool and the Color Range Selection Tool can accurately select image areas. 2) Layer blending mode such as "overlapping" mode can create unique visual effects. 3) Actions and scripts can automate repetition of tasks and improve work efficiency.

Photoshop's powerful functions in photo editing and enhancement include: 1. Use the "Repair Brush Tool" to remove acne, 2. Use the "Liquefaction Tool" to slim face, 3. Use the "Frequency Separation" technology to accurately retouch images. These functions are implemented through algorithms and image processing technology to optimize image processing effects.

Key features of Photoshop include layers and masks, adjustment tools, filters and effects. 1. Layers and masks allow independent editing of image parts. 2. Adjust tools such as brightness/contrast can modify image tone and brightness. 3. Filters and effects can quickly add visual effects. Mastering these features can help creative professionals achieve their creative vision.

Photoshop's applications in digital art include painting, illustration and image synthesis. 1) Painting: Using brushes, pencils and mixing tools, the artist can create realistic effects. 2) Illustration: With vector and shape tools, artists can accurately draw complex graphics and add effects. 3) Synthesis: Using mask and layer blending mode, artists can seamlessly blend different image elements.

Photoshop's advanced photo editing and synthesis technologies include: 1. Use layers, masks and adjustment layers for basic operations; 2. Use image pixel values to achieve photo editing effects; 3. Use multiple layers and masks for complex synthesis; 4. Use "liquefaction" tools to adjust facial features; 5. Use "frequency separation" technology to perform delicate photo editing, these technologies can improve image processing level and achieve professional-level effects.


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