C++ concurrent programming: How to perform thread-safe design of concurrent data structures?

Thread-safe concurrent data structure design: Implementation method: atomic type and mutex lock atomic type: ensure that multiple accesses are indivisible and ensure data consistency. Mutex lock: restricts access to shared data by one thread at a time to prevent concurrent data corruption. Example: Thread-Safe Queue demonstrates a thread-safe data structure implemented using a mutex lock.

C Concurrent Programming: Thread-safe concurrent data structure design

Understanding thread safety

Thread safety means that the data structure can be used by multiple Threads access concurrently without data corruption or program crashes. In C concurrent programming, achieving thread safety is crucial.

Atomic types and mutex locks

Atomic types:
Atomic types ensure that multiple accesses to the underlying data are indivisible to guarantee consistency . For example, std::atomic<int></int>.

Mutex lock:
Mutex lock allows one thread to access shared data at a time, thereby preventing data corruption caused by concurrent access. Use std::mutex.

Example: Thread-Safe Queue

The following is a simple thread-safe queue implemented using a mutex:

#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
#include <queue>

class ThreadSafeQueue {
private:
    std::queue<int> data;
    std::mutex mtx;

public:
    void push(int value) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        data.push(value);
    }

    int pop() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        if (data.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Queue is empty");
        int value = data.front();
        data.pop();
        return value;
    }

    bool empty() {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        return data.empty();
    }
};

int main() {
    ThreadSafeQueue queue;

    std::thread t1([&queue] {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(queue.mtx);
            queue.push(i);
        }
    });

    std::thread t2([&queue] {
        while (!queue.empty()) {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(queue.mtx);
            std::cout << "Thread 2 popped: " << queue.pop() << std::endl;
        }
    });

    t1.join();
    t2.join();

    return 0;
}

In this example:

• std::mutex Used to protect concurrent access to queue data.
• std::lock_guard Used to lock the mutex when entering the critical part of the queue and unlock it when leaving.
• Multiple threads can safely push and pop data to the queue concurrently.

Conclusion

Implementing thread-safe concurrent data structures is a crucial aspect of concurrent programming in C. By using mechanisms such as atomic types and mutex locks, we can ensure data consistency and prevent data corruption or program crashes caused by concurrent access.

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