How to write comprehensive unit tests for Go functions

Writing unit tests in Go helps ensure code quality and reliability. Unit testing includes steps such as importing dependencies, setting up objects, defining inputs and outputs, calling functions, and asserting outputs. By using the assert function in the testing package, you can compare actual output with expected output. Use the go test command to run tests and ensure that all tests pass to ensure the accuracy of your Go code.

Writing comprehensive unit tests for Go functions

Writing unit tests in Go is critical to ensuring code quality and reliability. Unit testing allows you to isolate and test the behavior of a single function or method to ensure it behaves as expected.

Unit test composition

A typical unit test contains the following parts:

• Import necessary dependencies: import required packages or Library.
• Set test object: Create the function or object instance to be tested.
• Define input and expected output: Set input parameters and expected output results for the test function.
• Call the test function: Trigger the test by calling the function and passing in input parameters.
• Assertion output: Use the assertion library to compare the actual output and the expected output to verify whether the test passes.

Practical Case

Let us create a simple Sum function and write a unit test for it:

package main

import (
    "testing"
)

// Sum 返回两个数字之和
func Sum(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
    // 设置测试表
    tests := []struct {
        a, b int
        want int
    }{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {-1, 5, 4},
        {0, -5, -5},
    }

    // 遍历测试表，对每个测试用例运行测试
    for _, tt := range tests {
        got := Sum(tt.a, tt.b)
        if got != tt.want {
            t.Errorf("Sum(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.want)
        }
    }
}

Assertion Library

Go provides the [testing](https://golang.org/pkg/testing/) package, which contains various assertion functions that can be used to compare actual output with expected output. Some commonly used assertion functions include:

• t.Fatal(): Terminates the test if the assertion fails.
• t.Error(): Report a failure, allowing the test to continue.
• t.Errorf(): Report a failure with a formatted error message.
• t.Equal(): Compares two values ​​for equality.
• t.NotEqual(): Compares whether two values ​​are equal.

Run the tests

Run the unit tests using the go test command:

go test

If all tests pass, you will see the following output:

PASS
ok      main    [no tests found]

By writing comprehensive unit tests, you can ensure the accuracy and reliability of your Go code, thereby improving the quality and maintainability of your application.

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