How to use the Go standard library for unit testing

The Go standard library provides unit testing functionality through the testing package. Just create the _test.go file and write the test function. Test functions use assertion functions, such as AssertEqual and AssertTrue, to compare expected and actual results. Information about whether the test passed or failed will be displayed with the go test command.

How to use the Go standard library for unit testing

The Go standard library provides the testing package, which provides rich functions. For writing and running unit tests. This article will guide you on how to use the testing package to test your Go code.

Set up unit tests

To set up unit tests for your Go program, follow these steps:

1. Create a file named ## in the root directory of your project #your_package_name_test.go file.
Import
2. testing Package:

import "testing"

Writing test functions

Each unit test is written as an independent function named

func TestX(t *testing.T). Where X is the name of the test case, and t is a pointer of type *testing.T, which provides functions for executing tests, reporting results, and logging errors Methods.

func TestPassingTest(t *testing.T) {
    // 测试用例的代码...
}

Assertions

testing The package provides a variety of assertion functions to compare test results with expected values. Commonly used assertion functions include:

• AssertEqual(t, expected, actual): Check whether expected and actual are equal
• AssertNotEqual(t, value1, value2): Check whether value1 and value2 are not equal
• AssertTrue(t , condition): Assert condition condition is true
• AssertFalse(t, condition): Assert condition condition is false

Practical Case

Let’s write a unit test for a function that calculates the sum of two numbers.

package my_package

import (
    "testing"
)

func Sum(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

Unit test

import (
    "testing"

    "my_package"
)

func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        a        int
        b        int
        expected int
    }{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {5, 7, 12},
    }

    for _, tc := range tests {
        result := my_package.Sum(tc.a, tc.b)
        if result != tc.expected {
            t.Errorf("Sum(%d, %d) returned %d, expected %d", tc.a, tc.b, result, tc.expected)
        }
    }
}

In the unit test, we create a list of test cases of type

[]struct which contains the input values and expected output. We use a loop to iterate through the test cases and use the AssertEqual assertion for each case to verify that the calculated result is consistent with the expected result.

Running unit tests

To run unit tests, you can run the following command in the command line:

go test

It will look for all ## in the project directory and its subdirectories #_test.go

file and run the tests in it. Tests that run successfully will display a green pass message, while failed tests will display a red error message.

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