What does .= mean in php

The .= operator in PHP is used to append a string to the end of a variable, and its effect is equivalent to $variable = $variable. "Append string" can simplify string concatenation, making it more concise and More readable.

The meaning of .= in PHP

The .= in PHP is a compound assignment operator, used Appends a string to the end of another string variable.

Grammar

<code class="php">$variable .= "附加字符串";</code>

Example

<code class="php">$name = "John";
$name .= " Doe";

// $name 的值现在为 "John Doe"</code>

Principle of action

.= operator is equivalent to the following code:

<code class="php">$variable = $variable . "附加字符串";</code>

It concatenates the value of an existing string variable with the appended string and then assigns the concatenated string back to the variable.

Advantages

Using the .= operator can simplify the string concatenation operation, making it more concise and readable. For example:

<code class="php">$sentence = "This is a sentence.";
$sentence .= " It has been extended.";

// 与以下代码等效：
$sentence = $sentence . " It has been extended.";</code>

Note

.= operator can only be used for string variables. If you try to append a non-string value to a string variable, a type error will be thrown.

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